100 years ago today, on August 14, 1925 (June 25, 1925, the Svalbard Treaty signed the establishment of China's first Arctic scientific research station, the Yellow River Station. At this time, my country successfully obtained the right to build a station on the Arctic Svalbard Islands through a historical treaty lasting nearly a century, and established the first Arctic scientific research station, the "Yellow River Station". In the impression of most Chinese people, my country's territory is concentrated in Asia and there is no land overseas. But in fact, 3,000 kilometers away overseas, on the edge of Europe, and above the Arctic Ocean, China still has a piece of "land"! Huge value! China citizens are free to enter and stay. This land is the Svalbard Islands located in the Arctic Circle, on the edge of Europe. Svalbard is surrounded by the Barents Sea, the Greenland Sea and the Arctic Ocean. Since two to three hundred years ago, the archipelago has been the base camp of great Arctic geographical discoveries. New Olsson on the Svalbard archipelago is one of the starting points for humans to march to the North Pole. In the 16th century, Dutch explorers discovered it; After that, Americans, Norway, and Italians came here one after another and flew planes or airships over the North Pole from here. After the era of exploration, the United States, Russia, France, the United Kingdom and other countries have successively established many scientific inspection stations. These expeditions and expeditions have greatly enriched the civilized history of human development. China is a latecomer in the polar scientific expedition. Since the 1980s, along with the pace of reform and opening up, China's polar expedition has taken a historic step. At that time, my country first established the Great Wall Station and Zhongshan Station on the Antarctic continent. Then marched into the North Pole. Around 2000, my country sent the "Xuelong" icebreaker to the Arctic twice for scientific expeditions, collected a large amount of data and gained a large amount of understanding of the Arctic. However, in the Arctic, China has never had a fixed foothold in the past and lacked the ability to conduct long-term research. At this time, my country successfully obtained the right to build a station on the Arctic Svalbard Islands through a historical treaty lasting nearly a century, and established the first Arctic scientific research station, the "Yellow River Station". The right to build a station in Svalbard's archipelago was granted by the Beiyang government through a treaty nearly a hundred years ago. At the beginning of the 20th century, European countries discovered that Svalbard Islands were rich in natural resources, so they successively claimed sovereignty over the island. If a treaty was not concluded, European countries might go to war over Svalbard Islands. Under these circumstances, European countries signed the Treaty of Svalbard. At that time, China was in a period of chaos, and various warlords fought for territory and wanted to kill each other. They had no leisure in controlling this treaty. However, in 1925, France sent representatives to take the initiative to find Duan Qirui, wanting Duan Qirui to send a representative to sign and also wanting China to recognize the treaty. Duan Qirui couldn't give face to the French envoy, so he sent someone casually to sign it. He did not mention the matter of signing it. After all, this treaty did have no effect on China at that time. At that time, the people were in dire straits. How could anyone travel to this place, let alone the country conduct scientific experiments? It can be said that Duan Qirui accidentally planted a willow tree. The Treaty of Svalbard, which came into effect on August 14, 1925, stipulated that the archipelago should not be used for military purposes. Under Norway law, the contracting states can freely enter and exit the island without visas, and enjoy the rights to fish and hunt in the Spitsbergen Islands area and its territorial waters, the rights to carry out marine, industrial, mining and commercial activities, and the right to carry out scientific survey activities. At that time, Duan Qirui controlled the Beiyang government. Until 1991, China talents truly began to exercise the power of treaty signatories. The dusty rights and interests on the snowy land thousands of miles away were thawed. What contributed to this was not the actions of the government, but an explorer engaged in civilian scientific expeditions. In the autumn of 1991, China explorer Gao Dengyi was invited by Professor Y. Ye Xin of the University of Bergen in Norway to participate in a comprehensive scientific expedition of the Arctic jointly organized by scientists from Norway, the Soviet Union, China and Iceland. It has opened the way for China's 10-year non-governmental Arctic expedition, laying the foundation for the government's Arctic expedition. In September 2001, the Embassy of Norway in China sent a letter inviting me to visit the Svalbard Islands and build a station. According to Gao Dengyi, the biggest gain of this expedition was that I saw the English version of the Svalbard Treaty in the "Arctic Guide" presented by Professor Y Yexin. In his book, he noticed that China was a signatory to the Svalbard Treaty, and Professor Ye Xin also suggested that he propose to China to establish a scientific research station in the Svalbard Islands. The original text of the Treaty of Svalbard provided the legal basis for China to establish the Arctic Station. However, due to the age, when Gaudenyi first brought the Treaty back to China, there were really not many people who knew about it. This news later attracted people's attention. China Academy of Sciences instructed China Scientific Exploration Association to promote this matter, and added a sub-topic "Investigation and Research on Scientific Station Construction in the Arctic Svalbard Islands" to the major scientific research project of China Academy of Sciences during the Ninth Five-Year Plan "Research on Polar and Global Change." At 14:00 on August 5, 1991, the five-star red flag unfolded on the ice floe at 81 degrees north latitude. Gao Dengyi once said in an interview with reporters: "We have conducted scientific expeditions in the Arctic and achieved some results, but the more important thing is that the country is determined to support Arctic scientific research. The establishment of China's Arctic Yellow River Station was actually promoted by China scientists through non-governmental organizations. One of the fundamental bases is the Treaty of Svalbard." With such a treaty, China, which has no geographical connection with the Arctic, has a say in the Arctic region. I have to say that this is a valuable asset left to future generations by the Beiyang government nearly 100 years ago. On July 28, 2004, China established China's first Arctic scientific research station, the Yellow River Station, here as a base for scientific survey activities in the Arctic. After the completion of the Yellow River Station, it was the 8th national-level scientific expedition station in the Arctic region. At present, the Yellow River Station is adjacent to scientific research stations from many countries such as Norway, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom. Presumably, when European and American powers see China's achievements in the Arctic region, they must be heartbroken and regretful. Today, Svalbard is home to many scientists from all over the world and has become a hot spot for polar scientific research similar to the Antarctic.