On this day, 31 years ago, December 11, 1994 (November 9, 1994 in the lunar calendar), Russia decided to disarm Chechen illegal armed forces. Russian troops attacked the capital of Chechnya. On December 11, 1994, according to an order issued by Russian President Yeltsin on December 9, the Russian government decided to disarm illegal troops in Chechnya and the North Caucasus region bordering it. At 7 a.m. on December 11, Russian troops entered Chechnya from three directions: Ingushetia, North Ossetia and Dagestan. Their mechanized troops were advancing towards Grozny, the capital of Chechnya, at an average speed of 20 kilometers per hour. At 3 p.m. today, some Russian troops had entered only 15 kilometers away from Grozny. On the afternoon of December 12, Russian troops and Chechen government troops entering the Chechen Republic clashed in the towns of Dolinsky and Pirwomysk, 20 kilometers away from Grozny, the capital of Chechnya, causing casualties. On December 13, the Russian side held negotiations with representatives of the Chechen authorities and the Chechen opposition in Vladikavkaz, the capital of North Ossetia. The content of the negotiations is: 1. Immediately stop the bloodshed in Chechnya;2. Establish a mechanism to disarm all illegal arms in Chechnya;3. Implement the decision of the Russian government on December 9 on "Urgent Measures for the Restoration and Development of the Economic and Social Fields of the Chechen Republic." The negotiations have not made substantial progress. The main differences between the two sides are: Russia demands that the Chechen issue be resolved on the basis of the Russian Federation's Constitution, but the Chechen authorities disagree; Russia demands the disarmament of illegal arms, and the Chechen authorities insist that Russian troops must withdraw first before this. Negotiations between Russia and the Chechen opposition went relatively smoothly. Representatives of the Chechen Provisional Council have agreed to stop military operations and disarm as agreed. On the evening of December 15, Yeltsin issued an "Appeal to Chechen Residents", announcing that the deadline for disarming Chechen illegal armed forces would be extended for another 48 hours (starting from 0:00 on the 16th). He said this was done to reduce the use of force that could lead to civilian casualties. Chechen President Dudayev expressed that night that he was willing to hold high-level negotiations with Moscow. On the morning of December 17, the Russian authorities issued an ultimatum to President Dudayev of the Chechen Republic, ordering him to go to Mozdok in North Ossetia to negotiate with the Russian delegation at 18:00 that day. Dudayev said that he would not go to Mozdok to negotiate with Egorov and Stepashin. "I am ready to receive Chernomyrdin in Grozny at a time he sees fit," Chechen leader Dudayev said. He emphasized that such a meeting "will have the status of negotiations between the heads of government of Russia and Chechen." On December 18, Russian President Yeltsin sent a telegram to Chechen President Dudayev, advising him to meet "immediately" with the President's Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation, Deputy Prime Minister Egorov and the Russian Federation Security Council member and Director of the Federal Counterintelligence Service Stepashin, who are currently in the city of Mozdok, North Ossetia. Chechen President Dudayev telegraphed President Yeltsin four hours before Russia's deadline for disarming Chechen illegal armed forces (00:00 on the 18th), expressing his willingness to personally lead a Chechen government delegation to conduct negotiations "without any preconditions" with a Russian delegation at the corresponding level to discuss the issue of stopping the armed conflict in Chechnya. On December 19, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Egorov pointed out that the Russian government is not prepared to hold any negotiations with Dudayev until the illegal arms of the Chechen Republic are completely disarmed. About 40,000 Russian soldiers are participating in the illegal operation of besieging Chechen leader Dudayev. Attachment: Introduction to the Chechen Republic The Chechen Republic was originally part of the Chechen-Ingushetia Autonomous Republic of the Russian Federation. The Chechen authorities declared in 1991 that the Republic of Chry-India is an independent and sovereign state, and Russia has always denied its independent status. In January 1992, the Ingushetia people established the Ingushetia Republic as a subordinate to the Russian Federation. The Chechen Republic is located in the piedmont of the Greater Caucasus Mountains at an altitude of 4493 meters. It is bordered by Georgia in the south, Stavropol Krai in Russia in the north, and the North Ossetian Autonomous Republic in the northwest. It covers an area of 19,300 square kilometers and has a population of 1.235 million. Among them, the Chechen population is 53%, Ingushetia is 12%, and the rest are Dagestan, Russian and other ethnic groups. The language of the Chechen people is Chechen, and its script is based on the Russian alphabet. The earliest records of Chechens are before the 7th century. After more than 50 years of war in the Caucasus, the tsar finally merged Chechnya into Russia in 1859. After the October Revolution, Chechnya was merged into the Gorsk Autonomous Republic in 1921 and soon separated to form an autonomous region. In 1936, the Chechen-Ingushetia Autonomous Republic was established. 1942-1943 Parts of Chechnya were occupied by the German army in 1999. In February 1944, the Soviet government moved Chechens and Ingush people to Central Asia such as Kazakhstan on the grounds of "safeguarding national security." In 1957, the Soviet government "rehabilitated" them and allowed them to return to their homes. The Chechen Republic is rich in oil and natural gas. The industry includes oil extraction, petroleum processing, chemistry, machinery manufacturing, building materials, food, wood processing and other sectors. Planting wheat, rice, corn and other crops. Grozny is the capital of the republic and an oil production center in Chechnya. The city is a production base for petroleum products, and basically all the oil extracted in this area is processed into finished products in Geshi. Important oil pipelines are laid underground: Grozny-Armaville-Trutowaya, Grozny-Makhachkala, Grozny-Tuapse, etc. In addition, Russia's only railway to the Transcaucasia runs through Chechnya. There are 3 universities in the city, including Chechen-Ingushetia University.