On this day, 41 years ago, on November 20, 1984 (October 28, 1984, the lunar calendar), my country's first expedition fleet to Antarctica set sail. The "Xiangyanghong 10" scientific research ship anchored in the Civil Defense Bay of King George Island in Antarctica On November 20, 1984, my country's first expedition to the Southern Ocean and Antarctica set sail. The National Antarctic Expedition Commission, the State Oceanic Administration and the People's Liberation Army Navy held a grand sailing ceremony at the dock of the East China Sea Branch of the Oceanic Administration. Li Yaowen, Political Commissar of the Navy, Wu Heng, Director of the National Antarctic Expedition Commission, and Luo Yuru, Deputy Director of the Antarctic Expedition Commission and Director of the State Oceanic Administration, respectively awarded the five-star red flag, the bronze plaque engraved with Comrade Deng Xiaoping's inscription "Contributing to the Peaceful Use of Antarctica" and the bronze medal of "China Antarctic Great Wall Station" to the expedition team. On November 20, the "Xiangyanghong 10" ocean-going scientific research vessel and the Navy's "J121" salvage and rescue vessel docked side by side on the Huangpu River with their heads held high. The two ship owners hung a "full flag" on the auxiliary mast in accordance with the highest etiquette for navigation to pay tribute to the motherland and the people. At 10:05, Chen Dehong, commander-in-chief of the Antarctic Expedition Team and deputy director of the State Oceanic Administration, asked the leaders for instructions to set sail. Under an order from the command platform, the whistle sounded long, and the expedition ship slowly left the dock amidst the sound of drums and firecrackers and headed towards the Huangpu River. Mouth. According to the plan, the Antarctic expedition fleet sailed non-stop across the Pacific Ocean at a speed of 18 knots (18 nautical miles per hour). The formation will arrive at the fifth port of Uswai on Tierra del Fuego in mid-December. After a short stay, it will travel straight into the Antarctic Peninsula and reach its destination in January 1985. my country's first Antarctic expedition was established in Beijing on the morning of October 8, 1984. This expedition team established my country's first summer scientific expedition station on the ancient wasteland of the Antarctic Peninsula and carried out a multidisciplinary comprehensive expedition to the Antarctic. my country's first Antarctic scientific expedition includes two major parts: the establishment of stations and expeditions in the Antarctic, and the expedition in the Southern Ocean. Hundreds of seafarers, scientific workers and construction workers will participate in this feat of crossing the ocean on two 10,000-ton ocean-going ships. Relevant parties have formed a command organization for this inspection, with Chen Dehong, deputy director of the State Oceanic Administration, as the commander-in-chief. The Antarctic expedition team responsible for Antarctic landing station construction and scientific expedition consists of 50 people. They come from more than 20 units in more than 10 departments. The oldest is 55 years old and the youngest is only 19 years old. The vast majority of them are scientific workers and engineering technicians. Since the Italian explorer Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492, explorers, biologists, oceanographers and geologists from some countries in the world, especially some European countries, have traveled across the ocean and risked their lives to finally find the "Southern Continent"-Antarctica at the southernmost tip of the earth. The exploration of the Antarctic can be divided into four periods: the era of sailing exploration, the era of heroic exploration, the era of aviation exploration and the era of annual station exploration. The era of sailing expeditions was from the 1770s to the 1840s. The British explorer James Cook made the first voyage around the South Pole from 1772 to 1775. After him, explorers from many countries sailed ships across dangerous shoals and reefs to explore Antarctica. The era of heroic exploration lasted from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. During this period, Australia explorer Douglas Mawson was the first to land on the Antarctic continent. He was the first to reach the Antarctic Pole in November 1907. Later, he personally organized and led two Antarctic expeditions, conducted a large number of expeditions, and used radio wave communications on the Antarctic continent for the first time. The Maison Station in Australia, which now stands on the Antarctic continent, was named after this explorer. The era of aerial exploration was from the early 20th century to the 1940s. The famous American explorer Charlide Bird flew an airplane for the first time in November 1929 and flew over the South Pole. He carried out a lot of aerial survey work and obtained a lot of precious information. The era of annual station inspections dates from the 1940s to the present. It is reported that 26 countries in the world have established more than 50 year-round scientific research bases and more than 100 summer research stations in Antarctica. At present, countries are still scrambling to establish bases in areas of important scientific significance and rich resources to carry out multidisciplinary comprehensive research and research. The inauguration ceremony of the Great Wall Station in Antarctica in China and the road signs for the Great Wall Station. On top left, Wu Heng (center), director of the Antarctic Expedition Commission, led a delegation to the Antarctic to express condolences