On this day 34 years ago, on August 31, 1991 (July 22, 1991), Kyrgyzstan gained independence. Kyrgyzstan means "nomads on the steppe". There are different opinions about its ethnic origin. The early ethnic history is related to the Xiongnu, Ding Ling, Wusun, and Serbian people. Later, due to the entry of the Mongols into Kazakhstan and Central Asia, some Turkic tribes gradually migrated westward and southward until the Pamir Mountains formed a nation. The western part of the residence belonged to the Honghan Khanate, which was incorporated into Tsarist Russia in 1876; the central and eastern parts were originally Chinese territory, which was occupied by Tsarist Russia in the second half of the 19th century; the Soviet regime was established in 1917; the autonomous republic was established in 1926; it became a union republic on December 5, 1936; the "Declaration of Sovereignty" was issued on December 12, 1990; independence was declared on August 31, 1991. That day was designated as the "Independence Day" of the country. It covers an area of 198,500 square kilometers and is a landlocked country located in northeastern Central Asia. It is connected to Kazakhstan in the north, Uzbekistan in the west, Tajikistan in the south, and China in the southeast and east. The territory is mountainous, with the Tianshan Mountains and the Pamir-Alai Mountains spanning the border between China and Kyrgyzstan. The lowlands account for only 15% of the land area, mainly distributed in the Fergana Basin in the southwest and the Taras River Valley in the north. The main rivers are the Narun River and the Chu River. Lake Issyk is the main lake. It has a continental climate. Pastures account for 43% of the total area. Continental climate. Annual precipitation is 200-800 mm, and the mountains are over 1,000 mm. The upper reaches of the Syr Darya River, the Narun River, runs through the whole territory and is rich in water power. There is a Toktogul hydropower station (1.20 million kW). There are abundant deposits of coal, mercury and antimony. On December 27, 1991, China recognized the independence of Kyrgyzstan and established diplomatic relations with China at the ambassadorial level on January 5, 1992.