On this day 114 years ago, on December 29, 1911 (November 10, 1911 in the lunar calendar), Sun Yat-sen was elected as the interim president. On December 12, 1911, a total of 39 representatives from 14 provinces gathered in Nanjing from Wuhan and Shanghai and decided to elect the interim president on December 16. Huang Xing was publicly elected as the grand marshal, and Li Wuhong was the deputy. Huang Xing refused to give a firm speech, so he changed to Li Yuanhong as the grand marshal and Huang Xing as the deputy marshal. Less than half a month later, the positions of the head and deputy were suddenly inverted, which was a child's play at times. Huang Xing and Li Yuanhong could not come to Nanjing to serve. On the 21st, Li Wuhong accepted the name of the grand marshal and appointed Huang Xing to act as the grand marshal, and Huang Xing resigned again. On the 20th, Sun Yat-sen returned to China via Hong Kong, and Hu Hanmin, Liao Zhongkai and other soldiers arrived in Hong Kong to greet him. Hu Hanmin advised Sun Yat-sen to stay in Guangdong, train the army, and send troops to the Northern Expedition. Then "the strength to clear up the strong enemy is really a situation of unification between the north and the south". Sun Yat-sen insisted on going to Shanghai and Ningxia, presiding over the internal and external plans, saying: "If I don't go to Shanghai and Ningxia, then all these external plans will be presided over by no one else." He also said: "Today's great trouble is anarchy". On the 25th, Sun Yat-sen arrived in Shanghai and was warmly welcomed. Newspapers reported that Sun had returned home with a huge sum of money. The reporter asked him: "How much money did you bring this time?" Sun Yat-sen said: "If you give a The purpose of the revolution is not achieved, and there is no peace! "Sun Yat-sen immediately discussed the issue of organizing a provisional government with the leaders of the Alliance. Sun advocated a presidential system without a prime minister; Song Jiaoren advocated a cabinet system with a prime minister. Sun Yat-sen believed:" The cabinet system does not make the head of state the political impulse in peacetime, so the prime minister is responsible to the National Assembly, which is definitely not appropriate for this extraordinary era. "Huang Xing supported Sun Yat-sen's opinion. At the same time, he decided to signal to the representatives of the provinces to elect Sun as the provisional president. On December 29, the 17 provincial representatives in Nanjing officially elected the provisional president. There are 3 candidates; Sun Yat-sen, Li Yuanhong, and Huang Xing. The 17 provincial representatives voted in turn, with Sun Wen getting 16 votes and Huang Xing getting 1 vote. When the election results were announced, "Long live the Republic of China three times, it was a masterpiece of music. The military and academic circles present congratulated each other, and the joy was extreme." Sun Yat-sen, who was in Shanghai, heard the news and immediately called Nanjing to express his acceptance. He said: "The restoration of China is due to the strength of our military and people. Wen returned to the country without any success, and he actually accepted the election. How can he overcome it? I only remember that the north has not yet recovered, the foundation of the Republic of China is at the beginning, and Hongji is difficult. All my citizens have responsibilities. The dukes do not care about their functions, and Gawen has served a great deal. After Wen dared not to fight against the people, when he went to Ning to take office on the day of the country, he will first reply After the news of Sun Yat-sen's election came out, thousands of soldiers and civilians in Anhui gathered at the Governor's Office to celebrate, and thousands of people in Fuzhou held a lantern parade. Nanjing "all colors dance and eyebrows fly, celebrating each other, and all the residents of all shops have prepared fragrant lanterns and candles to welcome. In the Presidential Palace, five-color electric lights are used, arranged in patterns, and their radiance is brand new. Although it is white and yellow, all of them are collectively called Long Live the Republic of China". People from all walks of life in Nanjing cut off their braids to celebrate. And "congratulatory messages from all over Southeast Asia, Australia, Europe and the United States are for the day". Extended reading: Nanjing Presidential Palace with mysterious colors Extended reading: Nanjing Presidential Palace with mysterious colors Tour Nanjing Presidential Palace, like walking into a historical corridor. This ancient building complex has a history of more than 600 years, condensing the changes of several dynasties and the accumulation of several generations: the Qing Dynasty was the Jiangning Weaving Office, the Jiangnan Governor's Office, and the Liangjiang Governor's Office. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, it was the Tianwang Palace. During the Republic of China, it was the Provisional Presidential Palace and the Executive Yuan of the National Government. During the Wang puppet regime, it was the Executive Yuan. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang returned to Nanjing, which became the Presidential Palace of the Republic of China. After I stepped into the gate, I found a number of large oil paintings hanging on both sides of the walls of the gate. I stopped and meditated before Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as the Provisional President of the Republic of China and the People's Liberation Army occupied the Presidential Palace. These two oil paintings marked the beginning and end of the Presidential Palace of the Republic of China Back in the day, this was the highest headquarters that commanded the Nationalist government and the million-strong army. Now, although it has lost the aura of supreme power, it still has a mysterious color. In 1833, the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was Nanjing. Hong Xiuquan, the king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, led the kings and the government to form a division to resist. The Tianjing incident greatly damaged the vitality of the Heavenly Kingdom, but Hong Xiuquan, who contributed to this tragedy, escaped the crime unbelievably. I personally understand that it was definitely Hong Xiuquan who ordered the killing of the Eastern King. He took the initiative to give power to Yang Xiuqing, and he also killed Yang Xiuqing. The most ruthless, selfish and cruel thing in the world is imperial power. Even the heavenly king who is the most talented and the most proclaimed that the world is equal, when he feels that the imperial power is challenged, he will completely disregard the cloak of religion and finally start. Sun Yat-sen served as the interim president. Mr. Sun Yat-sen was an outstanding revolutionary who profoundly revealed the direction of China's social development in the early 20th century. In his difficult exploration, he clearly put forward the three major propositions of nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood, and created the modern national democratic revolution in China in a complete sense. In 1931, the September 18th Incident, the Japanese army occupied the Northeast, and the Nationalist government's policy of letting foreign security and internal security aroused the opposition of the people of the whole country. Students in Nanjing and other places gathered in front of the Nationalist government to protest and demonstrate the Kuomintang-Communist talks. In May 1946, after the Kuomintang government entered Nanjing, Zhou Enlai led the Chinese delegation to negotiate with the Nationalist government. With the help of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese Kuomintang held the first National Congress, formed the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, and achieved victory in defeating the Beiyang warlords. But then Chiang Kai-shek monopolized the leadership of the National Revolution and betrayed the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, resulting in a breakdown of cooperation and a civil war In 1937, as the Japanese imperialists launched a war of all-out aggression against China, the Communist Party of China and the Chinese Kuomintang joined hands again in the face of an unprecedented national crisis, mobilizing the people of the whole country to jointly resist Japanese aggression, and finally achieved victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. On November 16, 1937, the Japanese army arrived in Nanjing, and Lin Sen led the Nationalist government to hastily move the capital to Chongqing. All the organs of the Nanjing Nationalist government, except for their top officials who stayed in Nanjing to preside over the work, all the other organs of the Nanjing Nationalist government left Nanjing and transferred to Wuhan from Nanjing to Chongqing from the same day. On the 17th, Chairperson of the National Government, Lin Sen, as the head of state, led some of the civil servants, chief planners, and members of the army directly under the Nationalist government to board the "Yongfeng Ship" to the west, In January 1912, Sun Yat-sen established the provisional government of the Republic of China, the first republic of China was established, and the national debt during the period of the Republic of China (1912-1949) was more than 60 million yuan. The actual situation of reparations is much more complicated. In order to make reparations, China borrowed a lot from Western banks, paying a lot of interest, kickbacks, and other rights and interests. Under the unequal treaty system, China's independence and sovereignty have been reduced to an impossible level! The Chinese have been bullied and exploited incomparably. This is China in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Liberation of Nanjing On April 23, 1949, the People's Liberation Army finally liberated the Nanjing Kuomintang, which had been entrenched in the Kuomintang reactionaries for 22 years. The Nanjing Kuomintang refused to sign the peace agreement. That night, the People's Liberation Army forcibly crossed the Yangtze River in three ways, from Jiangyin On the evening of the 23rd, Chen Yi's Third Field Army on the East Road occupied Nanjing. On April 23, 1949, Nanjing was liberated at dawn, and the leaders of crossing the river successively entered the presidential palace