210 years ago today, on March 19, 1815 (February 9, 1815 lunar calendar), Napoleon was re-established as the French emperor in Paris. On March 19, 1815, Napoleon was re-established as the French emperor in Paris. Napoléon Bonaparte (1769.8.15~ 1821.5.5), the first ruler of the French First Republic (1799-1804), the emperor of the French First Empire and the Hundred Days Dynasty (1804-1814, 1815), a famous military strategist and statesman in the modern history of the French Republic, once occupied most of the territory of Western and Central Europe, so that the idea of the French bourgeois revolution has been more widely spread. In the early stage of his reign, he was the pride of the French people and has been respected and loved by the French people until today. Napoleon was born in 1769 in the city of Ajaccio, Corsica, which had just been sold to the French Republic. Before Napoleon was born, it was still the territory of the Republic of Genoa. His family was a declining Italian aristocratic family, and the French king recognized his father as a nobleman of the French Republic. Under the arrangement of his father, Napoleon went to the military academy of the French Republic at the age of 9 to receive education. After graduating with honors in 1784, he was selected to the Higher Military School of Paris, specializing in artillery. In just one year, he was admitted to the officer qualification that others took three years to obtain, and was appointed a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery. His father died at the age of 16. During his time stationed in various places with the army, he read the works of many Enlightenment thinkers, among which the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau had a great influence on him. Napoleon initially considered himself a foreigner and was determined to one day make Corsica independent from the French Republic. After the French Revolution broke out in 1789, Napoleon returned to Corsica, hoping to promote Corsica's independence, but was ostracized by another pro-British and anti-French Poly clique, and the family eventually fled to France. In July 1793, Napoleon led his troops to capture the royalist stronghold of Toulon, and was therefore appreciated by the Jacobins. During the Thermidorian coup of 1794, Napoleon was investigated for his close relationship with the Robespierre brothers, and was later dismissed from the rank of brigadier general for refusing to serve in the infantry of the Army of Italy. In 1795, he was entrusted by the Paris governor Barras to successfully quell the armed rebellion of the royalists. He was promoted to lieutenant general and commander of the Paris garrison overnight, and rose to prominence in the military and political circles. Napoleon was an excellent military strategist. He had a deep understanding of the military knowledge of the time and was good at applying various military strategies to actual combat. As an artillery man, he attached great importance to the tactical application of artillery, especially advocating the centralized use of artillery and giving full play to the mobile role of cavalry. On March 2, 1796, at the age of 26, Napoleon was appointed commander-in-chief of the Italian front army of the French Republic. On March 6, 1796, he married his lover Josephine Boarne (Josephine de Taschel) and rushed to the front. In Italy, Napoleon's army repeatedly repulsed the first anti-French alliance between the Austrian Empire and Sardinia, and finally forced the other side to sign an armistice in favor of the French Republic. In 1813, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Russia, Prussia, and the Austrian Empire formed the Sixth Anti-French Alliance, and the two sides fought many times in Germany. Despite the French army's many victories, the pressure on Napoleon increased until the French army was defeated at the Battle of Leipzig in October, and the vassal states became independent from the French Republic. The Allied army began to advance towards Paris. On March 31, 1814, Paris was occupied, and the Allied forces demanded the unconditional surrender of the French Republic. At the same time, Napoleon had to abdicate. On April 13, 1814, Napoleon signed a decree of abdication at the Palace of Fontainebleau in Paris, two days after Napoleon announced his unconditional surrender. After his abdication, Napoleon himself was exiled to Elba, a small island in the Mediterranean Sea. Napoleon retained the title of "emperor", but his territory was limited to that small island. Napoleon was almost assassinated on his way to Elba, and he attempted suicide himself. Louis XVIII returned to Paris, became king of the Kingdom of France again, and the Bourbon dynasty was restored. Napoleon's wife and son lived in the Austrian royal family, and rumors that Napoleon would be exiled to an island in the Atlantic Ocean left Napoleon with no choice. He finally escaped from the island on February 26, 1815, and returned to France on March 1 with 1,000 men. The army of the Kingdom of France, which had been sent to stop him, continued to support Napoleon. Napoleon returned to Paris on March 19, by which time he had a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer army of 200,000, Louis XVIII fled and the Hundred Days Dynasty began. But the good times did not last long, and the European countries quickly formed the Seventh Anti-French Coalition. Napoleon's army was wiped out at the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium on June 18, 1815, and he officially surrendered on July 15. The First French Empire fell, and Louis XVIII was restored. Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena. Napoleon died on the island on May 5, 1821, and the conqueror was buried next to the Tobert Spring on St. Helena to the sound of artillery salutes. To this day, the cause of Napoleon's death is still divided. The autopsy report of doctors in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland shows that he died of severe stomach ulcer, but new research suggests that Napoleon died of arsenic poisoning, and from the wallpaper used by the nobles at that time, historians have also found that the mineral containing arsenic is probably due to the humid environment. Nine years after his death, the new Orleans dynasty re-erected Napoleon's statue on the Vendome column under pressure from the people. In 1840, Louis Philippe of the July Dynasty of the Kingdom of France sent his son to retrieve Napoleon's body. On December 15 of that year, Napoleon's coffin was transported back to Paris, where it was buried after passing through the Arc de Triomphe in the old and disabled military retirement home on the banks of the Seine.