On this day, 74 years ago, on September 9, 1951 (August 9, 1951 in the lunar calendar), the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to steadily develop the agricultural cooperative movement. On September 9, 1951, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held the first agricultural mutual assistance and cooperation conference in Beijing. The meeting was attended by representatives of some Central Bureaux and Provincial Party Committees and comrades from relevant central departments. The meeting adopted the "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Mutual Assistance and Cooperation in Agricultural Production (Draft)." The meeting believed that farmers 'enthusiasm based on land reform is reflected in two aspects: on the one hand, the enthusiasm of individual economy, and on the other hand, the enthusiasm of labor mutual assistance. These enthusiasm is the basic factor in the rapid recovery and development of the national economy and the promotion of national industrialization. According to our country's economic conditions, farmers 'individual economy has existed in large numbers for a long period of time. The enthusiasm of farmers' individual economy cannot be ignored or brutally dampened. However, in order to overcome the difficulties encountered in the decentralized management of many farmers, to enable the vast number of poor farmers to quickly increase production and embark on the road of abundant food and clothing, to enable the country to obtain much more commercial grain and other industrial raw materials than it does now, and to open up a broad market for the sales of national industrial products, we must advocate "organization" and develop farmers 'enthusiasm for mutual assistance and cooperation in accordance with the principle of voluntariness and mutual benefit. This kind of labor mutual assistance is collective labor based on the individual economy (based on farmers 'private property), and its development future is agricultural collectivization or socialism. The meeting proposed that there are three main forms of rural mutual assistance cooperation: the first form is simple, temporary and seasonal labor mutual assistance. The second form is a year-round mutual aid group. Part of this form began to combine agriculture and sideline assistance; there were some simple production plans and certain technical divisions; some also purchased some publicly owned farm tools and livestock and accumulated a small amount of other public property. This form should be gradually promoted under leadership in areas where mutual aid movements already have a foundation. The third form is agricultural production cooperatives characterized by land equity investments. The number is not large at present, with more than 300 in Northeast and North China. This form should be developed with leadership and focus in areas where the masses have relatively rich experience in mutual assistance and have relatively strong backbones. In short, the Party's policy of mutual assistance and utilization in rural development is a policy of steadily advancing in accordance with the needs and possible conditions of production development. The meeting pointed out that two tendencies must be avoided in leading the cooperative movement. One is to adopt a negative attitude towards the mutual aid and cooperation movement. It cannot be seen that this is the only path that our party leads the broad masses of farmers to gradually move from small-scale production and individual economy to large-scale collective economy using machines for farming and harvesting. It denies that the various agricultural production cooperatives that have emerged now are forms of transition to socialism and that they have socialist elements; The other is to adopt an impatient attitude and ignore the farmers 'willingness and economic conditions, prematurely and inappropriately attempt to deny or restrict the private property of farmers participating in cooperatives now, or attempt to implement absolute egalitarianism against members of mutual aid groups and agricultural production cooperatives, or attempt to establish high-level socialist collective farms quickly. The meeting also pointed out that in the agricultural mutual aid and cooperation movement, attention must be paid to correcting and preventing the two wrong leadership methods of forced orders and laissez-faire. The correct leadership method is: adopt typical examples, gradually promote them from less to more, from low to high; Study the experience of the masses in a timely manner, educate the masses to carry forward the right thing and avoid repeating the wrong thing; adhere to the principle of voluntariness and mutual benefit. The meeting stipulated some specific policies and specific methods on the current specific problems of agricultural mutual aid groups and production cooperatives, as well as the assistance provided by the party and government to them.