939 years ago today, on October 11, 1086 (September 1, 1086 lunar calendar), Sima Guang, a politician and historian of the Northern Song Dynasty, passed away. Sima Guang (1019~ 1086.10.11), a famous politician, historian and essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty. A native of Sushui Township, Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now northeast of Anyi Town, Yuncheng, Shanxi Province), Han nationality. Born in Guangshan County, Henan Province, with the word Junshi and the name Ruo Elder, known as Mr. Sushui in the world. Sima Guang was addicted to learning since he was a child, and you are very happy with "The Biography of the Zuo Family in the Spring and Autumn Period". Song Renzong (Zhao Zhen, 1010~ 1063, the fourth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty) was in the first year of Baoyuan (1038), Sima Guang was 20 years old, and was a member of the Song Yingzong (Zhao Shu, 1032~ 1067) succeeded the previous counselor, Song Shenzong (Zhao Xu, 1048~ 1085) Xining (1068~ 1077) first worshiped Hanlin Bachelor and Imperial History Zhongcheng. In the third year of Xining (1070), Sima Guang became aware of the Yongxing Army because of his opposition to Wang Anshi's reform. The following year, he was sentenced to the Imperial Shitai of Xijing and lived in Luoyang for fifteen years, specializing in the compilation of "Zizhi Tongjian". Zhezong ascended the throne and also served in the dynasty. In the eighth year of Yuan Feng (1085), he served as Shangshu Zuo Pu Shou and a servant under the door, presided over the government, rejected the new party, and abolished the new law. Died a few months later. Posthumously gifted to the Grand Preceptor, Duke Wen, and posthumous Wenzheng, the works are collected in the collection of Sima Wenzheng. Sima Guang's main achievements are reflected in Among them, the greatest contribution is to preside over the compilation of "Zizhi Tongjian". "Zizhi Tongjian" is the largest chronicle in our country, with a total of 294 volumes, running through ancient and modern times. From the early Warring States period, the three families of Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin (403 BC), down to the end of the Five Dynasties (Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou). Before the death of Emperor Taizu of Song (Emperor Taizu of Song) in the later Zhou (959 AD), 1,362 years. The author records the historical facts of these 1,362 years in the order of time, year and month, and historical facts as weft, and writes them in sequence; the causes and consequences of major historical events are clearly explained, and the connections with all aspects are clearly explained, so that readers can see the development of historical facts at a glance. Sima Guang devoted most of his life to compiling Zizhi Tongjian, which took a total of nineteen years, from the three years of Yecheng in Yingzong (1066 AD) to the seven years of Yuanfeng in Shenzong (1084 AD). He said in the "Entering Zizhi Tongjian Table": "The day is insufficient, followed by the night", and "the energy is exhausted in this book". The title of the book means: "In view of the past, the capital is used to govern the Tao." Sima Guang wrote a lot. In addition to the "Zizhi Tongjian", there are 80 volumes of "Tongjian Essential History", 20 volumes of "Antiquities", and six volumes of "The List of the 100 Officials of the Dynasty". In addition, he has conducted research and writings in literature, classics, philosophy and even medicine. His main representative works are "Hanlin Poetry and Herbs", "Notes on Ancient Literature Classics", "Yi Shu", "Notes on Taixuan Sutra", "Notes on Yangzi", "Book Ceremony", "Journey to the Mountain", "Continued Poetry and Governance", "Medical Inquiry", "Cold Water Chronicle", "Class", "Sima Wenzheng Gong Collection", etc. In history, Sima Guang was once regarded as one of the three sages of Confucianism (the other two were Confucius and Mencius). Commenting on Sima Guang's intelligence, we are all familiar with the story of Sima Guang smashing the tank, and we know that it took such a wise person 19 years to write a "Zizhitongjian"! Extended reading: After waiting for 17 years, Sima Guang, who became the prime minister, finally killed the rural girl Extended reading: After waiting for 17 years, Sima Guang, who became the prime minister, finally killed the rural girl Song Shenzong Yuanfeng eight years (AD 1085), and Sima Guang, a 67-year-old famous minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, finally became the prime minister. After the prime minister of the current dynasty insisted on killing a rural woman Sima Prime Minister came to power, he turned over an old case and re-tried it. The result of the trial was that a rural woman who had been released from the case was sentenced to death and immediately beheaded. At this time, it has been a full 17 years since the case happened. As the prime minister, Sima Guang has any hatred with this rural woman, why has it been nearly 20 years, and why must she be killed? In fact, the case that Sima Guang re-tried was not a major case at all. It was just an ordinary criminal case. The woman who was killed due to the commutation of the sentence was named Ah Yun, who was only 13 years old at the time of the crime, and the case was very simple. In the first month of the first year of Xining (AD 1068), a 13-year-old girl named Ah Yun from Dengzhou (now Dengzhou, Shandong) was still keeping her mother's filial piety and was lonely. Unexpectedly, Ah Yun's uncle was greedy for money and sold Ah Yun to an old bachelor named Wei Da as his wife for a few stones of grain (worth about 2,000 yuan now). Wei Da looked ugly, and Ah Yun was unwilling to die for this marriage, but he couldn't beat his uncle. So Ah Yun made a bold decision to kill Wei Da and see how you can marry me. Ah Yun quietly came to Wei Da's house at night, and when Wei Da was sleeping, Ah Yun picked up the chopping knife and slashed at Wei Da for a while. Wei Da, who was woken up, subconsciously turned over and blocked it with his hands. Ah Yun saw Wei Da wake up, shocked and afraid, threw away the firewood and ran away. Ah Yun was just a 13-year-old girl at that time, weak and weak, and slashed at Wei Da for a while. Except for cutting off one finger of Wei Da, other parts of Wei Da's body were covered in skin wounds, which was nothing serious. So Wei Da, whose daughter-in-law was not married and almost lost his life, immediately reported to the official, saying that someone wanted to kill him. The magistrate received the report, quickly came to investigate the scene, and interrogated Wei Da and his neighbors. This Wei Da, there are only four corners left in a poor room, thieves walk around his door, and because he is too ugly, everyone usually does not like to associate with him, let alone form a grudge with others. Therefore, although Wei Da did not see who wanted to kill him at that time, but after all, there will be no one else except this unfamiliar daughter-in-law, Ah Yun. The magistrate immediately caught Ah Yun and said that this case was clearly your fault, so you can confess, so as not to suffer from flesh and blood. Ah Yun did not deny it, and did not hide the whole reason of the matter clearly. In less than a day, the murder case was solved like this. The simple case was not simple, and the case that caused a sensation in the entire Song Dynasty was so simple. There was neither torture nor framing, but this case later not only caused a sensation in the Song Dynasty, but also in the entire legal history of China, it was a representative and typical case, and its impact was many times greater than the case of Yang Naiwu and Xiao cabbage in the late Qing Dynasty. After Ah Yun confessed, the magistrate sentenced Ah Yun to death for murdering his husband. However, according to the law of the Song Dynasty, local officials sentenced the death penalty, and the case must be reported step by step. Finally, the highest judicial body of the imperial court, the Dali Temple and the Trial Court, will review it. After the review, if there is no problem, the local officials will be allowed to execute the death penalty. This procedure is very similar to the current death penalty review procedure. When the case was reported to Xu Zun, the prefect of Dengzhou, Xu Zun felt that there was a problem with the sentence. Xu Zun believed that Ah Yun was betrothed to Wei Da Shi during the period of filial piety for his mother. According to the law of the Song Dynasty, the marriage contract during the period of filial piety was invalid. Moreover, Ah Yun was forced to marry by his uncle, and he did not agree to this marriage. Therefore, this marriage, whether public or private, is illegal. Since the marriage contract is illegal, Ah Yun is not Wei Da's wife, and there is no crime of murdering her husband. Besides, the consequences of the case were not serious, Wei Da was not seriously injured, and Ah Yun was not guilty enough to die. So Xu Zun signed his opinion and submitted the case to the Dali Temple and the Trial Court. After reviewing the case file, the Dali Temple and the Trial Court believed that even if Ah Yun was not Wei Da's wife, she had deliberately murdered and caused personal injury to the other party, and was sentenced to death according to the laws of the Song Dynasty. An ordinary official showed admirable greatness. When Xu Zun heard the news, he couldn't sit still. Seeing this, I couldn't help but feel a warm touch in my heart. Xu Zun was the prefect of Dengzhou, and he was an official sent by the central government to train in local governments. When the time limit expires, he will be transferred back to the central government and promoted. In this situation, Xu Zun's decision to protect himself and seek promotion was undoubtedly the most favorable choice for him, but Xu Zun was determined to save poor Ah Yun's life. For a commoner woman whom he never knew, Xu Zun, an ordinary official, put his own future at risk and stood up to argue with the highest judicial body of the imperial court. His courage and righteousness were truly admirable. Xu Zun began to study the laws of the Song Dynasty in detail, hoping to find a legal basis for overthrowing the Dali Temple and the Trial Court. At this time, Song Shenzong issued an edict saying that the murder had caused personal injury, but before the officials interrogated the prisoner and tortured the prisoner, if the prisoner truthfully confessed to the crime, he would be treated as surrendered and reduced by 2 ranks according to the murder crime. This imperial edict was tailor-made for Ah Yun. According to the provisions of the imperial edict, Ah Yun would only be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment at most, and would never be sentenced to death. Xu Zun appealed to the Ministry of Punishment based on the emperor's imperial edict. Unexpectedly, the emperor's edict did not work in the Ministry of Punishment. The Ministry of Punishment did not accept Xu Zun's defense and still maintained the death sentence. At this time, things took another dramatic turn. Xu Zun was transferred to the Dali Temple as the Dali Temple Governor, who was the highest official of the Dali Temple. This gave Xu Zun the initiative to review the case, and Ah Yun was changed to fixed-term imprisonment. The emperor was alerted, and the two famous ministers of the Northern Song Dynasty debated. But the Imperial History Station, which is equivalent to the current discipline inspection and supervision department, is responsible for supervising the violations of laws and disciplines by government officials. The imperial history wrote to the emperor to impeach Xu Zun, saying that Xu Zun used his position to violate the law. The reason why he did not say that Xu Zun violated the law for personal gain was because no one believed that Xu Zun had any private dealings with a common girl in the countryside. The Emperor Shenzong sent the case to the Hanlin Academy, and let Sima Guang and Wang Anshi, the two most famous Hanlin scholars at the time, judge. Although Wang Anshi and Sima Guang both admired each other's talents and character, their political views were completely different. Sima Guang supported the death sentence of the Ministry of Punishment, and Wang Anshi supported Xu Zun's fixed-term prison sentence. The two Hanlin scholars quarreled in the court for this, and no one could convince the other. The focus of the dispute between the two sides was whether Ah Yun's sentence was based on the laws of the Song Dynasty or the emperor's edict. According to the laws of the Song Dynasty, Ah Yun was sentenced to death, and according to the emperor's edict, Ah Yun was sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment. This is actually a question of whether the law is more effective or the emperor's edict is more effective. This debate is the famous "legal and edict dispute" in history. Even now, this is an issue that is easy to cause debate. The truth behind the debate between Wang Anshi and Sima Guang But the real intention of Sima Guang and Wang Anshi's dispute is not here. At that time, Wang Anshi advocated reform in the imperial court, and Sima Guang firmly opposed the reform. If the emperor's edict shall prevail, it proves that the emperor's will has the final right to interpret the law. The emperor's will can modify and change the law, and this is the basis for Wang Anshi to implement the reform. Sima Guang believed that the law was the embodiment of the supreme will of the state, and that no one could be above the law, interfere with the judiciary, or destroy the seriousness of the law, including the emperor. At first glance, Sima Guang's statement seemed very modern and reasonable, but in fact, his real intention was that the law could not be changed, the system could not be changed, and the law of the country could not be changed, trying to nip the reform that was about to be implemented in the bud. The Emperor Shenzong saw that the two were at loggerheads, and referred the case to other Hanlin scholars and court officials for review. The result of the review was to support Wang Anshi's opinion, and the Emperor Shenzong approved "yes". Originally, the case could be closed, but the officials of the trial court did not expect to quit. The emperor's face was useless, and the entire Great Song Dynasty was involved. The officials of the Trial Court did not even give the emperor face. They jointly wrote to the emperor and asked to continue debating with Wang Anshi. The Trial Court was still noisy, and officials from the Privy Council (similar to the current Ministry of National Defense) and the Zhongshu Province (similar to the General Office of the State Council) also participated and expressed their opinions. For a time, an ordinary murder case turned the court of the Great Song Dynasty upside down, and the two sides were at loggerheads and refused to give in to each other. The Emperor Shenzong saw that it was not a problem to quarrel like this, so he gave a detailed explanation of the definition and sentencing of the prisoner's surrender, and ordered the Hanlin Court to write an edict according to his own explanation and send it to Zhongshu Province, and asked Zhongshu Province to abide by it. Unexpectedly, Zhongshu Province rejected it directly, saying that the emperor's edict violated the law and could not be executed. Emperor Qian Gang's arbitrary decision made the emperor angry. If it was up to your temperament, I don't know how long this will take, so Shenzong directly issued an edict to exempt Ah Yun from death and commute his sentence to fixed-term imprisonment. Not long after, the court granted amnesty to the world, and Ah Yun was released to go home. After returning home, Ah Yun remarried and had children, and the case seemed to be really over. In the end, Sima Guang finally killed the woman. In 1085 AD, Song Shenzong died, Song Zhe Zhe took the throne, Sima Guang served as the prime minister, and the powerful Sima Guang retried the case, arresting and beheading Ah Yun for murdering his husband. Sima Guang, who lost the argument 17 years ago, finally found what he lost.939 years ago today, on October 11, 1086 (September 1, 1086 lunar calendar), Sima Guang, a politician and historian of the Northern Song Dynasty, passed away. Sima Guang (1019~ 1086.10.11), a famous politician, historian and essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty. A native of Sushui Township, Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now northeast of Anyi Town, Yuncheng, Shanxi Province), Han nationality. Born in Guangshan County, Henan Province, with the word Junshi and the name Ruo Elder, known as Mr. Sushui in the world. Sima Guang was addicted to learning since he was a child, and you are very happy with "The Biography of the Zuo Family in the Spring and Autumn Period". Song Renzong (Zhao Zhen, 1010~ 1063, the fourth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty) was in the first year of Baoyuan (1038), Sima Guang was 20 years old, and was a member of the Song Yingzong (Zhao Shu, 1032~ 1067) succeeded the previous counselor, Song Shenzong (Zhao Xu, 1048~ 1085) Xining (1068~ 1077) first worshiped Hanlin Bachelor and Imperial History Zhongcheng. In the third year of Xining (1070), Sima Guang became aware of the Yongxing Army because of his opposition to Wang Anshi's reform. The following year, he was sentenced to the Imperial Shitai of Xijing and lived in Luoyang for fifteen years, specializing in the compilation of "Zizhi Tongjian". Zhezong ascended the throne and also served in the dynasty. In the eighth year of Yuan Feng (1085), he served as Shangshu Zuo Pu Shou and a servant under the door, presided over the government, rejected the new party, and abolished the new law. Died a few months later. Posthumously gifted to the Grand Preceptor, Duke Wen, and posthumous Wenzheng, the works are collected in the collection of Sima Wenzheng. Sima Guang's main achievements are reflected in Among them, the greatest contribution is to preside over the compilation of "Zizhi Tongjian". "Zizhi Tongjian" is the largest chronicle in our country, with a total of 294 volumes, running through ancient and modern times. From the early Warring States period, the three families of Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin (403 BC), down to the end of the Five Dynasties (Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou). Before the death of Emperor Taizu of Song (Emperor Taizu of Song) in the later Zhou (959 AD), 1,362 years. The author records the historical facts of these 1,362 years in the order of time, year and month, and historical facts as weft, and writes them in sequence; the causes and consequences of major historical events are clearly explained, and the connections with all aspects are clearly explained, so that readers can see the development of historical facts at a glance. Sima Guang devoted most of his life to compiling Zizhi Tongjian, which took a total of nineteen years, from the three years of Yecheng in Yingzong (1066 AD) to the seven years of Yuanfeng in Shenzong (1084 AD). He said in the "Entering Zizhi Tongjian Table": "The day is insufficient, followed by the night", and "the energy is exhausted in this book". The title of the book means: "In view of the past, the capital is used to govern the Tao." Sima Guang wrote a lot. In addition to the "Zizhi Tongjian", there are 80 volumes of "Tongjian Essential History", 20 volumes of "Antiquities", and six volumes of "The List of the 100 Officials of the Dynasty". In addition, he has conducted research and writings in literature, classics, philosophy and even medicine. His main representative works are "Hanlin Poetry and Herbs", "Notes on Ancient Literature Classics", "Yi Shu", "Notes on Taixuan Sutra", "Notes on Yangzi", "Book Ceremony", "Journey to the Mountain", "Continued Poetry and Governance", "Medical Inquiry", "Cold Water Chronicle", "Class", "Sima Wenzheng Gong Collection", etc. In history, Sima Guang was once regarded as one of the three sages of Confucianism (the other two were Confucius and Mencius). Commenting on Sima Guang's intelligence, we are all familiar with the story of Sima Guang smashing the tank, and we know that it took such a wise person 19 years to write a "Zizhitongjian"! Extended reading: After waiting for 17 years, Sima Guang, who became the prime minister, finally killed the rural girl Extended reading: After waiting for 17 years, Sima Guang, who became the prime minister, finally killed the rural girl Song Shenzong Yuanfeng eight years (AD 1085), and Sima Guang, a 67-year-old famous minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, finally became the prime minister. After the prime minister of the current dynasty insisted on killing a rural woman Sima Prime Minister came to power, he turned over an old case and re-tried it. The result of the trial was that a rural woman who had been released from the case was sentenced to death and immediately beheaded. At this time, it has been a full 17 years since the case happened. As the prime minister, Sima Guang has any hatred with this rural woman, why has it been nearly 20 years, and why must she be killed? In fact, the case that Sima Guang re-tried was not a major case at all. It was just an ordinary criminal case. The woman who was killed due to the commutation of the sentence was named Ah Yun, who was only 13 years old at the time of the crime, and the case was very simple. In the first month of the first year of Xining (AD 1068), a 13-year-old girl named Ah Yun from Dengzhou (now Dengzhou, Shandong) was still keeping her mother's filial piety and was lonely. Unexpectedly, Ah Yun's uncle was greedy for money and sold Ah Yun to an old bachelor named Wei Da as his wife for a few stones of grain (worth about 2,000 yuan now). Wei Da looked ugly, and Ah Yun was unwilling to die for this marriage, but he couldn't beat his uncle. So Ah Yun made a bold decision to kill Wei Da and see how you can marry me. Ah Yun quietly came to Wei Da's house at night, and when Wei Da was sleeping, Ah Yun picked up the chopping knife and slashed at Wei Da for a while. Wei Da, who was woken up, subconsciously turned over and blocked it with his hands. Ah Yun saw Wei Da wake up, shocked and afraid, threw away the firewood and ran away. Ah Yun was just a 13-year-old girl at that time, weak and weak, and slashed at Wei Da for a while. Except for cutting off one finger of Wei Da, other parts of Wei Da's body were covered in skin wounds, which was nothing serious. So Wei Da, whose daughter-in-law was not married and almost lost his life, immediately reported to the official, saying that someone wanted to kill him. The magistrate received the report, quickly came to investigate the scene, and interrogated Wei Da and his neighbors. This Wei Da, there are only four corners left in a poor room, thieves walk around his door, and because he is too ugly, everyone usually does not like to associate with him, let alone form a grudge with others. Therefore, although Wei Da did not see who wanted to kill him at that time, but after all, there will be no one else except this unfamiliar daughter-in-law, Ah Yun. The magistrate immediately caught Ah Yun and said that this case was clearly your fault, so you can confess, so as not to suffer from flesh and blood. Ah Yun did not deny it, and did not hide the whole reason of the matter clearly. In less than a day, the murder case was solved like this. The simple case was not simple, and the case that caused a sensation in the entire Song Dynasty was so simple. There was neither torture nor framing, but this case later not only caused a sensation in the Song Dynasty, but also in the entire legal history of China, it was a representative and typical case, and its impact was many times greater than the case of Yang Naiwu and Xiao cabbage in the late Qing Dynasty. After Ah Yun confessed, the magistrate sentenced Ah Yun to death for murdering his husband. However, according to the law of the Song Dynasty, local officials sentenced the death penalty, and the case must be reported step by step. Finally, the highest judicial body of the imperial court, the Dali Temple and the Trial Court, will review it. After the review, if there is no problem, the local officials will be allowed to execute the death penalty. This procedure is very similar to the current death penalty review procedure. When the case was reported to Xu Zun, the prefect of Dengzhou, Xu Zun felt that there was a problem with the sentence. Xu Zun believed that Ah Yun was betrothed to Wei Da Shi during the period of filial piety for his mother. According to the law of the Song Dynasty, the marriage contract during the period of filial piety was invalid. Moreover, Ah Yun was forced to marry by his uncle, and he did not agree to this marriage. Therefore, this marriage, whether public or private, is illegal. Since the marriage contract is illegal, Ah Yun is not Wei Da's wife, and there is no crime of murdering her husband. Besides, the consequences of the case were not serious, Wei Da was not seriously injured, and Ah Yun was not guilty enough to die. So Xu Zun signed his opinion and submitted the case to the Dali Temple and the Trial Court. After reviewing the case file, the Dali Temple and the Trial Court believed that even if Ah Yun was not Wei Da's wife, she had deliberately murdered and caused personal injury to the other party, and was sentenced to death according to the laws of the Song Dynasty. An ordinary official showed admirable greatness. When Xu Zun heard the news, he couldn't sit still. Seeing this, I couldn't help but feel a warm touch in my heart. Xu Zun was the prefect of Dengzhou, and he was an official sent by the central government to train in local governments. When the time limit expires, he will be transferred back to the central government and promoted. In this situation, Xu Zun's decision to protect himself and seek promotion was undoubtedly the most favorable choice for him, but Xu Zun was determined to save poor Ah Yun's life. For a commoner woman whom he never knew, Xu Zun, an ordinary official, put his own future at risk and stood up to argue with the highest judicial body of the imperial court. His courage and righteousness were truly admirable. Xu Zun began to study the laws of the Song Dynasty in detail, hoping to find a legal basis for overthrowing the Dali Temple and the Trial Court. At this time, Song Shenzong issued an edict saying that the murder had caused personal injury, but before the officials interrogated the prisoner and tortured the prisoner, if the prisoner truthfully confessed to the crime, he would be treated as surrendered and reduced by 2 ranks according to the murder crime. This imperial edict was tailor-made for Ah Yun. According to the provisions of the imperial edict, Ah Yun would only be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment at most, and would never be sentenced to death. Xu Zun appealed to the Ministry of Punishment based on the emperor's imperial edict. Unexpectedly, the emperor's edict did not work in the Ministry of Punishment. The Ministry of Punishment did not accept Xu Zun's defense and still maintained the death sentence. At this time, things took another dramatic turn. Xu Zun was transferred to the Dali Temple as the Dali Temple Governor, who was the highest official of the Dali Temple. This gave Xu Zun the initiative to review the case, and Ah Yun was changed to fixed-term imprisonment. The emperor was alerted, and the two famous ministers of the Northern Song Dynasty debated. But the Imperial History Station, which is equivalent to the current discipline inspection and supervision department, is responsible for supervising the violations of laws and disciplines by government officials. The imperial history wrote to the emperor to impeach Xu Zun, saying that Xu Zun used his position to violate the law. The reason why he did not say that Xu Zun violated the law for personal gain was because no one believed that Xu Zun had any private dealings with a common girl in the countryside. The Emperor Shenzong sent the case to the Hanlin Academy, and let Sima Guang and Wang Anshi, the two most famous Hanlin scholars at the time, judge. Although Wang Anshi and Sima Guang both admired each other's talents and character, their political views were completely different. Sima Guang supported the death sentence of the Ministry of Punishment, and Wang Anshi supported Xu Zun's fixed-term prison sentence. The two Hanlin scholars quarreled in the court for this, and no one could convince the other. The focus of the dispute between the two sides was whether Ah Yun's sentence was based on the laws of the Song Dynasty or the emperor's edict. According to the laws of the Song Dynasty, Ah Yun was sentenced to death, and according to the emperor's edict, Ah Yun was sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment. This is actually a question of whether the law is more effective or the emperor's edict is more effective. This debate is the famous "legal and edict dispute" in history. Even now, this is an issue that is easy to cause debate. The truth behind the debate between Wang Anshi and Sima Guang But the real intention of Sima Guang and Wang Anshi's dispute is not here. At that time, Wang Anshi advocated reform in the imperial court, and Sima Guang firmly opposed the reform. If the emperor's edict shall prevail, it proves that the emperor's will has the final right to interpret the law. The emperor's will can modify and change the law, and this is the basis for Wang Anshi to implement the reform. Sima Guang believed that the law was the embodiment of the supreme will of the state, and that no one could be above the law, interfere with the judiciary, or destroy the seriousness of the law, including the emperor. At first glance, Sima Guang's statement seemed very modern and reasonable, but in fact, his real intention was that the law could not be changed, the system could not be changed, and the law of the country could not be changed, trying to nip the reform that was about to be implemented in the bud. The Emperor Shenzong saw that the two were at loggerheads, and referred the case to other Hanlin scholars and court officials for review. The result of the review was to support Wang Anshi's opinion, and the Emperor Shenzong approved "yes". Originally, the case could be closed, but the officials of the trial court did not expect to quit. The emperor's face was useless, and the entire Great Song Dynasty was involved. The officials of the Trial Court did not even give the emperor face. They jointly wrote to the emperor and asked to continue debating with Wang Anshi. The Trial Court was still noisy, and officials from the Privy Council (similar to the current Ministry of National Defense) and the Zhongshu Province (similar to the General Office of the State Council) also participated and expressed their opinions. For a time, an ordinary murder case turned the court of the Great Song Dynasty upside down, and the two sides were at loggerheads and refused to give in to each other. The Emperor Shenzong saw that it was not a problem to quarrel like this, so he gave a detailed explanation of the definition and sentencing of the prisoner's surrender, and ordered the Hanlin Court to write an edict according to his own explanation and send it to Zhongshu Province, and asked Zhongshu Province to abide by it. Unexpectedly, Zhongshu Province rejected it directly, saying that the emperor's edict violated the law and could not be executed. Emperor Qian Gang's arbitrary decision made the emperor angry. If it was up to your temperament, I don't know how long this will take, so Shenzong directly issued an edict to exempt Ah Yun from death and commute his sentence to fixed-term imprisonment. Not long after, the court granted amnesty to the world, and Ah Yun was released to go home. After returning home, Ah Yun remarried and had children, and the case seemed to be really over. In the end, Sima Guang finally killed the woman. In 1085 AD, Song Shenzong died, Song Zhe Zhe took the throne, Sima Guang served as the prime minister, and the powerful Sima Guang retried the case, arresting and beheading Ah Yun for murdering his husband. Sima Guang, who lost the argument 17 years ago, finally found what he lost.