285 years ago today, October 9, 1740 (August 19, 1740, the 1740 lunar calendar), the Bacheng Massacre. The Red Creek Massacre, also known as the Bacheng Massacre, refers to the large-scale massacre of Chinese people by the Dutch East Indies authorities in Batavia, Java (present-day Jakarta) from October 9 to 12, 1740. It was named because one of the accident sites was a river called Hongxi in the west of the city. Background In 1619, Dutch colonist Jen Peterson Kun occupied Jakarta and renamed it Batavia. At that time, Batavia was sparsely populated and lacked food supplies. At the same time, it also faced hostility and threats from the local Muslim kingdom around it. In order to increase the labor force, develop the economy, and consolidate the foothold, the Dutch colonial authorities began to lure Chinese from all over Southeast Asia to settle in Bacheng when the Dutch native people were unwilling to immigrate and there were few local aborigines, and even openly plunder people at sea. At the same time, it also promulgated generous policies to induce China merchant ships to come and trade. By 1682, the number of Chinese in Batavia reached 3101. Between 1690 and 1730 was the most prosperous period in Batavia. The Dutch introduced sugarcane planting to Java. The rapid development of sugarcane planting led to the influx of more China people. With the large influx of Chinese, the colonial authorities believed that it was a threat to their colonial rule. Since 1690, the colonial authorities have successively promulgated restrictions and bans on China immigration to Batavia, but with little effect. In 1727, the colonial authorities stipulated that all Chinese who had stayed in Batavia for 10 to 12 years would be deported without applying for a residence permit issued by the authorities. In 1736, it was further stipulated that all Chinese who entered the country in 1729 would only be allowed to obtain residence permits if they were considered useful, and all others would be repatriated. Many of these repatriated "useless" Chinese were sent to Ceylon, the Cape of Good Hope and other Dutch colonies to work as coolies. After 1740, with the decline of the sugar industry, the number of unemployed Chinese increased, and thieves emerged everywhere. Since most of the criminals captured by the police were Tang people wearing black clothes and black trousers, the colonial authorities ordered that anyone seen wearing black clothes and black trousers should be arrested. A large number of Chinese were innocent implicated, and the conflict between the Chinese and the Dutch colonists further intensified. The colonial authorities forced the arrested Chinese to go to Ceylon to work as hard labor, and there were gradually rumors among the Chinese that these exiles would be thrown into the sea on the way. Some Chinese were unwilling to wait and die, so they fled outside the city and publicly recommended Huang Ban as their leader in preparation for self-defense. But a traitor named Lin Chu informed the colonial authorities, which made the authorities prepared. On October 9, the colonial authorities ordered the Chinese in the city to hand over all weapons under the pretext of preparing to attack the city. At the same time, they searched for overseas Chinese from house to house, regardless of men, women and old, and killed them as soon as they were caught, and carried out bloody looting of the Chinese in the city. From the 9th to the 12th, nearly 10,000 Chinese people were killed in the city. Even those who were kept in prison and sick in hospitals were not spared. Only 150 people escaped by chance. However, the Chinese outside the city did not know that the news had leaked, so they still attacked the city according to the original plan. Fierce fighting lasted for three days from the 9th to the 11th, resulting in more than a thousand casualties. In the end, due to the lone battle, the siege failed and he was forced to fight in Central Java. Reaction of the Qing Government of China After the "Hongxi Massacre" occurred, the Dutch and colonial authorities were worried that the Qing Dynasty of China would take retaliatory actions, affecting trade with China and causing losses to economic interests. In 1741, the colonial authorities sent an envoy to China with the "Kuotie", but the "Kuotie" was not transmitted to the Beijing court. At the same time, Fujian Governor Ce Leng and Governor Wang Jun reported the matter to the court. Later, after repeated discussions, the Qing government believed that the overseas Chinese who were killed were "abandoned by the king","native to that place and were no different from the foreign people", and "the Han species of that place were sanctified from outside." Therefore, the Chinese were massacred."It may be hurt, but in fact it was self-inflicted." The "Holy Dynasty" did not need to blame it, but only prohibited trade and trade between each other. The Dutch government's reaction Due to this incident, Adriaan Valkenier, governor of the Dutch East India Company, was dismissed from office in 1741, sentenced to death in 1744, and all property was confiscated. He died in prison in 1751 (while the investigation was still ongoing).