337 years ago today, on March 28, 1688 (February 27, 1688 lunar calendar), Empress Xiaozhuang Wen, who assisted three generations of Qing emperors in the early Qing Dynasty, was born. Portrait of Xiaozhuang Empress Xiaozhuang Wen (March 28, 1613 - January 27, 1688), Borzidis, daughter of Mongol Horqin Belle (chief of the tribe) Zhaisang, niece of Empress Xiaoduan, empress of Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty, with stunning beauty and sexual agility. She was a famous empress in history. She cultivated and assisted Shunzhi and Kangxi monarchs throughout her life. She was an outstanding female politician in the early Qing Dynasty. In 1625, at the age of thirteen, she married Huang Taiji, the eighth son of Nurhachi, and married Huang Taiji with her aunt. After marriage, there were three daughters, the eldest princess of Gulunyong, the eldest princess of Gulunshuhui, and the eldest princess of Gulunshuzhe. In 1636, Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor, and he named Borjijit as the concubine of Yongfu Palace. In the third year of Chongde (1638), he gave birth to the ninth son of Emperor Fulin, and honored Concubine Zhuang as the Empress Dowager, known as Empress Xiaozhuang Wen in history. Empress Xiaozhuang Wen was naturally beautiful and can be called a peerless beauty in the early Qing Dynasty. She was calm and decisive in her temporary affairs. As early as the period of Huang Taiji, Empress Xiaozhuang Wen'sponsored internal affairs' and contributed to Huang Taiji. In 1642 (the seventh year of Chongde of Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty), the Qing army captured Songshan, and Hong Chengchou, the governor of the Liao Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty, was captured. In order to show his loyalty to the Ming Dynasty, he announced a hunger strike. Later, Huangtai Chi knew that Hong Chengchou was lecherous, so Empress Xiaozhuang recommended herself to Huangtai Chi and lured Hong Chengchou to surrender. Later, Hong Chengchou led the Qing army into the customs and died in the Ming Dynasty. In 1643, Huangtai Ji passed away, Fulin succeeded to the throne of Shunzhi Emperor, and the capital was moved to Beijing. Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang was respected as Empress Dowager, and the imperial uncle Dowergen was the regent, and Shunzhi was young (six years old). In order to eliminate Dowergen's threat to the throne, Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang resolutely married Dowergen according to the custom of the Manchu people "if his brother dies, his wife and his According to the records of Donghualu, Dorgon grew up in the inner courtyard of the imperial palace, and Shunzhi also called Dorgon "the regent of the emperor's father". The suspicion of "the empress dowager getting married" in the early Qing Dynasty was not groundless. Due to political reasons, this move did not damage her historical status. Due to the mediation of Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, Shunzhi's throne was preserved, and Dorgon did not replace it, and the power of the Qing Dynasty gradually transferred to Shunzhi. In order to create the early Qing Dynasty and gain the support of the upper echelons of the Han nationality, Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang dared to break through the convention that the Manchu and Han were not allowed to intermarry. In the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), she regarded Kong Youde's daughter Kong Sizhen as the princess of the clan; she also regarded the fourteenth daughter of Huangtai Chi, Princess Heshuo, as the princess of the "Yuzhigong Palace" and married Wu Yingxiong, the son of Wu After Shunzhi's death, Xuanye ascended the throne and was named Kangxi, the great emperor of the later generations. Kangxi respectfully called Xiaozhuang the Empress Dowager, when Kangxi was eight years old, and four ministers assisted in government affairs. Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang tried her best to raise the young master, and guarded the Aisin Gioruo regime from major risks and reefs. It was the other side of the Qing Dynasty to reach a prosperous age. Among the four auxiliary ministers, Aobai was domineering and domineering, with no young master in sight. He tried to usurp the imperial power in vain. He killed innocents indiscriminately and tried to hijack the emperor to order the princes. Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang became a strong backing for Kangxi. With her support, in the eighth year of Kangxi, Kangxi smashed the Aobai group in one fell swoop and recaptured the regime. When Kangxi put down the three times of chaos, Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang fully supported Kangxi to put down the chaos, and she pulled out the gold The Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang advocated frugality and gave money saved in the palace to the victims many times. Her frugality influenced the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties. In 1687, when Kangxi was twenty-six years old, the Empress Dowager died at the age of seventy-five, as "Empress Xiaozhuang Wen". What is puzzling is that she was not buried in Zhaoling, Shenyang, nor in the Qing imperial mausoleum, until the death of Emperor Kangxi, nor did she build a mausoleum for her grandmother, Empress Xiaozhuang Wen. Her imperial palace stopped in the Temporary Anfeng Hall for 38 years, and finally Yongzheng was buried in the palace outside the feng shui wall of the Qingdong Mausoleum in the third year (1725) by her great-grandson Yinjing. What is the reason for this? Even if no convincing explanation has been found so far, it is still an unsolved mystery, but there are many folklore about it. As to why Empress Xiaozhuang was not buried in Zhaoling, there is a saying among the people about "setting the tomb in a dream". The general idea is: Empress Xiaozhuang died, and the Qing court followed the ancestral system and decided to bury her in Zhaoling and buried with Taizong. But when the Zigong passed through the Dongling, it was suddenly heavy and abnormal. All 128 bar men were crushed to the point of showing their teeth and cracking their mouths, and their eyes were full of gold stars. It was difficult to move an inch, so they had to park the Zigong Palace on the spot. If they wanted to continue moving forward after two hours, the Zigong Palace seemed to be growing on the ground, and did not move at all. This time, they were in a hurry to bury the kings and ministers, so they flew to the court. Emperor Kangxi received the memorial, but he was also at a loss. That night, the emperor dreamed of Empress Xiaozhuang and said to the emperor, "I have decided not to be buried with Taizong. Now the place where the Zigong is parked is Shangjijia soil, and the mausoleum can be built and buried immediately. Remember my words and don't go against my mistakes." After the emperor woke up, he followed his instructions and chose the auspicious workers to build the mausoleum on the spot. This time it is not so heavy to move the coffin again. Obviously, this is purely mythological and cannot be used as a basis. It is also said that because Empress Xiaozhuang married Duoergen, she is no longer the empress of Huang Taiji, so she is not eligible to be buried in Zhaoling, and she has no face to be buried with Huang Taiji. There is no record of Empress Xiaozhuang marrying Duoergong in the official books of the Qing court. After Emperor Kangxi, the emperors always recognized her as the empress of Emperor Taizong Looking up the historical materials, there is such a record of the reason why Empress Xiaozhuang did not share the burial with Huang Taiji. Empress Xiaozhuang had left a will for her burial before her death. She earnestly instructed Emperor Kangxi: "I especially advise you about the things behind me: Emperor Taizongwen's Zigong Palace has been worshiped for a long time, and he is humble, so it is inconvenient to be buried together at this time. If you don't set up a tomb domain, you will have to work the people and move the people, and it is not the meaning of joint burial. I love your father and son, and I can't bear to go far away. I must be in Ancuo, Zunhua, and I have no regrets." Emperor Kangxi has always been filial to his grandmother. After the death of Empress Xiaozhuang, Emperor Kangxi followed his will and buried her grandmother near the Dongling of Zunhua. So, why was Xiaozhuang buried outside the feng shui wall on the east side of the Dahong Many unofficial historians say that this was because Xiaozhuang lost the face of the Aisin Giorro family by marrying Dorgon, so she was buried outside the gate of the mausoleum and punished for guarding the gate for her descendants for generations. In fact, this is just the subjective perception of good people. The real reason is that Xiaoling of Shunzhi is in the supreme position in the mausoleum area, while Xiaozhuang is Shunzhi's biological mother. Burying her anywhere in the mausoleum area is lower than Xiaoling, which is not commensurate with her seniority. Second, although Xiaozhuang is buried in the Qingdongling of Zunhua, it is still the same system as the Zhaoling of Huangtai Chi in Shenyang. The mausoleum of Empress Xiaozhuang is called Zhaoxiling, so it can be seen that it is two different systems from Qingdongling, which cannot be confused. It can only be buried outside Dongling District to show the distinction. Third, in the Qing Dynasty, whether the emperor or the mausoleum, they all started from the mausoleum of the tomb owner with the highest seniority. Empress Xiaozhuang had the highest seniority among all the interred people in the Qingdong Mausoleum, so every time when she was in the mausoleum, she had to start from the Zhaoxiling of Empress Xiaozhuang. The Dahongmen is the main entrance of the mausoleum area. It is the place where the people of the mausoleum must pass through. Building Zhaoling next to the Dahongmen also provided great convenience for the mausoleum and avoided the trouble of detouring to and from it. Fourth, in the Qing Dynasty, the left side was the noble position. The emperor walked through the mausoleum, entering and leaving the palace gate, the palace gate, and the mausoleum gate, and the ministers walked through the left door. Building Zhaoling on the left side of Dahongmen is in a prestigious place, which also reflects the respect and admiration of her descendants and grandchildren. The terrain on the left side of Dahongmen is high and flat, and the soil is thick and pure, while on the right side of Dahongmen, low-lying and stony, and bordering the West River, there are often floods, so from a geographical perspective, Zhaoxiling should also be built on the left side of Dahongmen. From the above points of view, the burial of Empress Xiaozhuang outside Dongling Mausoleum District is not to punish her for watching the mausoleum gate for her descendants, but the best choice after considering various reasons. Empress Xiaozhuang's surname is Borzigut and her name is Bumbutai. She was born on March 28, 1613 in a noble family of Horqin, Mongolia. She is a descendant of Genghis Khan, a "golden family". At the age of 13, she married Sibele Huangtaiji of the Post-Jin Kingdom. After Huangtaiji became emperor, she was named Concubine Zhuang. During the time of Shunzhi and Kangxi, she was honored as the Empress Dowager and the Empress Dowager. She died on January 27, 1688 at the age of 75. Later generations were known as Empress Xiaozhuang. Empress Xiaozhuang was an outstanding female stateswoman in ancient times of our country. Under the complex situation of ethnic contradictions and the internal struggles of the Manchu nobility, she successively supported two little emperors (six-year-old son Fulin and eight-year-old grandson Xuanye) to ascend the throne; assisted the emperors of the three dynasties (Huang Taiji, Shunzhi, Kangxi) to rule the imperial platform, and made significant contributions in laying and developing the magnificent cause of the Qing Dynasty. However, she does not have any political title, nor does she want a political name, although courtiers have repeatedly asked her to "listen to the curtain"; she only contributes her hard work, wisdom and talent behind the scenes as a natural wife (concubine), mother (empress dowager), grandmother (empress dowager). No matter what kind of contribution she makes, all credit is given to her husband, son, and grandson. "Xiaozhuang" Empress, that is, Queen Duankangwen of Xiaozhuang in the early Qing Dynasty, was originally Mongolian, surnamed Borzijit, named Bumbutai, the daughter of Horqin Belzhaisang, Mongolia. She married Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty at the age of thirteen and was named "Princess Zhuang". Her delicate, delicate and beautiful lady is full of the blood of the descendants of Genghis Khan, full of bravery, fortitude, confidence and wisdom. She fought all her life in the whirlpool of Manchu court struggles and the tide of the decisive battle of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. She successively assisted Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Dorgon of Zongyi of the Qing Dynasty (married down), Ancestor Shunzhi Fulin (son), Emperor Shengzu of Qing Kangxi Xuanye (grandson) "four generations" emperors, presided over the three major events of entering the customs, fixing the capital and destroying the Ming Dynasty, which played an immeasurable role in the establishment, consolidation and political Qingming of the Qing Dynasty.? Her position in the imperial court at that time was no less than that of Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty, but she was not an emperor; her power was no less than that of Empress Dowager Cixi, but she was not "under the curtain".