On this day, 161 years ago, on October 7, 1864 (September 7, 1864, the lunar calendar), China and Russia signed the "Agreement on the Exploration and Division of the Northwest Boundary". On October 7, 1864, China and Russia signed the "Agreement on Surveying and Dividing the Northwest Boundary". The 1860 China-Russia Beijing Treaty rigidly listed the permanent Karun in western China ("Karun", in Turkic language, was a military post set up by the Qing government near China towns to check business travel, manage nomadic nomads, etc., thousands of miles away from the country's border and are two different things from the border line) as one of the symbols of the demarcation line. From 1862 to 1864, China and Russia held many negotiations on dividing the western boundary in Talbaatai, Xinjiang, China. Before the negotiations, tsarist Russia dispatched a large number of aggressive troops to approach China's permanent residence in Karen, and occupied various strategic positions on their arbitrary "national borders." During the negotiations, Russia wantonly distorted the Beijing Treaty and insisted on the absurd proposition that all border lines should be demarcated in accordance with the permanent residence of China in Karun. threatened to interrupt negotiations and under Russian pressure, the border was drawn from the Shabindaba Baha Pass (in the modern Soviet Union) to the Kokand border. As a result, through the "China-Russia Beijing Treaty" and the "Agreement on the Exploration of the Northwest Boundary", tsarist Russia occupied more than 440,000 square kilometers of territory east and south of Lake Balkhash in western China and north and south of Zhaisannaur.