Thirty-seven years ago today, on August 20, 1988 (July 9, 1988), the two countries officially achieved a ceasefire across the board. When military commanders on both sides announced the cessation of hostilities, soldiers raised their weapons and cheered. The Khomeini statue in the back was shot through countless holes in the war. In early 1988, Iran did not launch the large-scale offensive that had long been advertised, but only carried out some small military operations in certain parts of the front line and on the southern coast of Iraq. With Iran unable to attack, Iraq used its air superiority to attack Iran 181 times on February 27 and bombed the oil refinery in Tehran, triggering the unprecedented scale of city raids since the start of the war between Iran and Iraq. This city-raid was characterized by the main use of missiles by both sides to focus on each other's capitals. The number of missiles hitting the capitals of both sides exceeded the sum of all previous city-raids. According to statistics, from the end of February to the end of April, Iran hit Baghdad with more than 50 missiles, while Iraq fired nearly 200 missiles at Iran, of which more than 150 hit Tehran. In retaliation, Iran stepped up its attacks on ships sailing in the Gulf. Iraq launched frequent offensives on the front line, which gradually lost Iran's advantage on land. On April 12, Iraq repelled an attack by four Iranian brigades in the northern Banjawi area. Five days later, Iraq launched a large-scale offensive of "Operation Ramadan". President Saddam personally commanded the elite Republican Guard and the Seventh Army. With the support of the sea and air force, the troops launched a fierce attack on the Iranian army positions in the Fao area and the west bank of the Shatt al-Arab in two directions, and recaptured the strategic Fao Peninsula on the evening of the 18th. On May 25, Iraq dispatched another 5 divisions, and after an 8-hour battle, it recaptured more than 50 square kilometers of land in the Salamjeh area in one fell swoop. These two campaigns completely broke Iran's pincer siege of Basra and changed Iraq's passive position in the southern battlefield. Iraq took advantage of the victory and recaptured more than 10 positions in the northern province of Sulaymaniyah in mid-June, and the oil-rich island of Majinoun in late June. On July 12, the Iraqi Republican Guard and the Fourth Army launched an offensive code-named "Operation Dependence on Allah" against Iranian forces in the Zubaidat area on the southern front; the area was recaptured. This was Iraq's fifth victory in three months. Under Iraq's aggressive offensive, Iranian forces voluntarily withdrew from the city of Hapoubja, which it had recently occupied on the northern front, in mid-July. By then, Iran had largely lost its gains of the past six years, and Iraq had regained thousands of square kilometers of territory. On July 14, the Iraqi military announced that it had penetrated an area 40 kilometers deep and 100 kilometers wide in Iran, and had captured the Iranian city of Dehloran. This is the first time that Iraqi troops have entered Iran to fight since June 1987, marking a major turning point in the situation of the Iran-Iraq war. For a long time, Iran has repeatedly stressed that Iraq must overthrow the current regime and admit that it is the aggressor who started the war, otherwise it will never cease fire. On July 18, 1988, Iranian President Ayatollah Ali Khamenei suddenly wrote to UN Secretary-General de Cuellar, formally stating that Iran accepts Security Council Resolution 598 on the ceasefire between Iran and Iran. The reason why Iran changed its original position is not only military losses, but also economic, diplomatic and domestic reasons. In the military field, Iran used to rely on sufficient troops and adopted human-sea tactics, but due to poor weaponry and equipment, casualties were high. According to Iranian official figures, the number of people killed in the battle has reached 120,000. Although Iraq is at a disadvantage in terms of personnel, it greatly exceeds Iran in heavy military equipment. It is generally estimated that the combat aircraft of Iraq and Iran are 6:1, the tanks are 5:1, and the artillery is 3:1. After the secret arms deal between the United States and Iran was revealed in late 1986, it became more difficult for Iran to purchase weapons internationally, and Iraq still has a large number of new weapons, so it has a strong military strength. In the six months before the armistice between the two countries, the Soviet Union provided Iraq with thousands of tanks and 300 missiles. Since the spring of 1988, Iraq has launched a large number of Soviet-made "Scud-B" missiles with a range of 650 kilometers, and used chemical weapons on the front line, which poses a great threat to Iran. The Iranian army has been fighting abroad for a long time, and its morale is low. At the beginning of October 8, Iran tried to mobilize 25-300,000 people to join the army, but only 100,000 were recruited. The Iranian regular army and the Revolutionary Guards have different command systems, fighting each other and containing each other, making it difficult to resist the Iraqi counterattack. After the United States escorted Kuwait, the United States and Iran (Lang) have engaged in military conflicts in the Gulf many times. In mid-April 1988, when the two Iran and Iran were fighting fiercely on the Fao Peninsula, the US Navy first attacked two Iranian oil platforms in the Gulf, and then dispatched seven ships, including the aircraft carrier "Enterprise", to engage in the largest naval and air battle between the United States and Iran (Lang). Two Iranian ships were sunk, four were injured, and more than 30 casualties were suffered. Iran's passive state of fighting on both sides is an important factor that it has to consider a ceasefire. Khomeini did not want to accept a ceasefire, believing that it was "worse than taking poison." But some political leaders insisted on ending the war, and he had to reluctantly accept their advice. The Iran-Iraq war is a war longer than World War II. A war of mass attrition with more casualties than the Korean War and more economic losses than the Vietnam War. It has swallowed up countless lives and property, brought profound disasters to the two countries, and also brought serious adverse effects on international politics and economy. According to the latest estimates, about 1 million people were killed and about 1.50 million injured on both sides, and the economic losses reached more than 900 billion US dollars. In the war of raids on ships, 574 merchant ships were attacked in the Gulf, 420 sailors were killed, 452 were injured, and the owner's losses were more than 20 billion US dollars. Dead people, graves, are what both warring sides will face. Countless new flagpoles have been erected in this huge mausoleum in Iran. Under each flag lies a young soldier loyal to Khomeini. Wartime Iran: In the war with Iraq, some Iranian warriors lost their legs. Pictures vividly reflect the ordeal of the war. Iranian women also participate in military training and become warriors who can go to the battlefield with guns at any time