321 years ago today, on July 2, 1704 (June 1, 1704 lunar calendar), the Qing Dynasty opera writer and poet Hong Sheng passed away. Hong Sheng (1645~ 1704) Qing Dynasty opera writer and poet. The word Fang Si, the name of the barnyard bed, and the name of the barnyard village, Nanpingqiao. Qiantang (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province). Born on the first day of July (1645.8.21) in the second year of Shunzhi, the Qing Dynasty, the whole family was fleeing, and they returned to the city after the full moon. Hong's surname is a famous family in Qiantang, and he has been a scholar for generations. His father's name cannot be tested, he is good at reading, likes to talk about, and he was an official in the Qing Dynasty. His grandfather Huang Ji, an official of the Kangxi Dynasty, went to the Ministry of Punishment and the Ministry of Wenhua Hall, a bachelor and an official. During his adolescence, he was educated by Lu Fan, Mao Xianshu, Zhu Zhijing, and others. He received orthodox Confucian education and was also influenced by their thoughts of the remnants. He was diligent in his studies and showed his talent very early. At the age of 15, he was famous among the authors. By the age of 20, he had composed many poems and songs, which were praised by people. In July of the third year of Kangxi (1664), he married Huang Lanzi, his uncle's daughter. Four years later, he went to the Guozi prison in Beijing to quit his job. Because he did not get an official position, he returned with disappointment. He ran everywhere for food and clothing. Around the age of 27, he was "difficult at home" due to the "change of Tianlun", which was not allowed by his parents. He was forced to leave home and lived in poverty until he stopped cooking. In the winter of the twelfth year of Kangxi (1673), he went to Beijing again to make a living. Two years later, his poetry collection "Collection of Xiaoyuelou" was compiled, which was appreciated and cultivated by Li Tianfu and Wang Shi and all the celebrities, and the title of the poem became famous. Selling literature for a living, while being proud as ever, "Every time you sit at a dinner party, you point to the past and the present" (Xu Lin's "Preface to the Hall of Longevity"), and you are quite dissatisfied with the reality. In the winter of the eighteenth year of Kangxi, his father was sent to the garrison because of a false accusation. He ran around and cried out, pleaded with the king, and traveled day and night to rush back to Hangzhou. He served his parents and traveled north, but was later pardoned. For this reason, he has been described as withered and exhausted. He began to pay attention to the suffering of the people, and wrote poems such as "JD.com Miscellaneous Sense" and "Ten Miscellaneous Senses in Quzhou", expressing his sympathy for the people who have suffered from military disasters and floods. He also wrote the poem "Chang'an", which includes "The chess game is long and safe, and you are not fascinated by it when you watch it. The party members voted for the far garrison, so they replaced it with a new one". He deeply hated the internal strife of the ruling group and the overthrow of the dynasty, and had a deeper understanding of social reality. In the 27th year of Kangxi (1688), he rewrote the legendary opera of the old work "Dancing Nishang" into "The Hall of Longevity", which was very popular. In August of the following year, he recruited actors to perform in "The Hall of Longevity", and many celebrities went to watch it for a while At that time, the Empress of Xiaoyi Tong died of illness a month ago, and she had not yet removed her clothes. During the incident, Huang Liuhong was impeached on the charge of being disrespectful to Zhang Le. Hong Sheng was sent to the prison of the Ministry of Criminal Justice and was expelled from the Guozijian. The participants, such as Zhu Dian, the waiter and scholar, Zhao Zhixin, and Weng Shiyong, the prefect of Taiwan, were all dismissed. At that time, there was a saying "Poor night's" Hall of Longevity ", and his reputation was ruined to the point of whitehead". The political background of the case was the dispute between the two parties in the north and south in the imperial court at that time. The southern party was led by Xu Qianxue, the minister of the Ministry of Criminal Affairs, and most of them were Han bureaucrats; the northern party was led by the pearl of the prime minister, and most of them were Manchu bureaucrats, who Hong Sheng was relatively close to the members of the Southern Party, and he was always arrogant. There were some taboos in his "Hall of Longevity" that violated the taboos of the time. The Northern Party took this opportunity to attack and wanted to make a big prison. Emperor Kangxi showed leniency and softness, and did not delve into the script of the "Hall of Longevity" except for the treatment of the participants. Hong Sheng suddenly encountered this difficulty, and was ridiculed by white eyes in Beijing. He had to return to his hometown Hangzhou in the 30th year of Kangxi. He was as reckless as ever, setting waves on the West Lake, writing poems and writing lyrics and composing music. In the 34th year of Kangxi, the "Hall of Longevity" was engraved, and Hong Sheng's old friend Mao Qiling wrote a preface. In the preface, he said: "I dare to preface it? Although, I will forgive it in Shengming." It is clearly pointed out that Emperor In the thirty-sixth year of Kangxi, the governor of Jiangsu, Song Luo, ordered people to perform the "Hall of Longevity". The audience was like ants, and it was very popular for a while. Hong Sheng "relapsed in a frenzy at the banquet, undressed and skipped, and indulged in drinking as before" (You Dong's "Preface to the Hall of Longevity"). Since then, Wushan, Songjiang and other places have performed one after another. In the forty-third year of Kangxi, Jiangning weaved Cao Yin to gather celebrities from the north and the south as a grand event, and only Hong Sheng sat on the seat, performing all the "Hall of Longevity", which began and ended in three days and nights. Returning from Jiangning, he passed through Wuzhen, boarded a boat after drinking, and fell into the water and died on the first day of June (1704.7.2). Opera and Poetry Creation There are 6 kinds of works written by Hong Sheng in existence: "Notes on the Rhyme of Poetry" (incomplete), the collection of poems "Barnyard Fur Collection", "Barnyard Fur Sequel", "Xiaoyue Building Collection", the zaju "Four Fun Juan", and the legendary "Hall of Longevity". The lyrics and songs are scattered in his book. Other dramatic works, such as "Agarwood Pavilion", "Dancing Nishang", "Hui Wenjin", "The Story of the Dragon", "The High Tang Dynasty", "Splendid Pictures", "Changhong Bridge", "Tianya Tears", and "Jixiaofang" have all been lost.