93 years ago today, on March 1, 1932 (January 25, 1932), the Japanese army launched another onslaught, the 19th Route Army retreated, and the battle in Shanghai ended. After the fierce battle, the Japanese army occupied the Wusong Fortress. On March 1, 1932, the Japanese army launched a full-line attack in Shanghai. Before the general attack, the Japanese army in Shanghai had reached more than 70,000 men, about 150 aircraft (another 160 naval aircraft) and the First and Third Fleets of the Navy. At this time, the total strength of the Chinese 19th Route Army (including the Fifth Army) was only more than 40,000, and it had been relatively weakened. The right-wing army lost about 1/3, the left-wing army lost about 1/4, and the defensive line stretched for more than 50 kilometers. The loss of weapons was great, and the frontal defense alone felt weak. He also planned to increase troops for defense, but due to insufficient troops, he repeatedly called for help. Chiang Kai-shek only ordered "hold on" and "strengthen the guard", but did not send reinforcements for a long time. In order to cover the landing of the 11th Division on the Liuhe River, the Japanese launched a fierce attack on Miaoxing Town in order to hold back the main force of the 19th Route Army and make it difficult for it to transfer to the 11th Division's landing. At the same time, in order to confuse the other side's attention, feint attacks were carried out in many places, especially in Zhabei Bazi Bridge and Tiantong'an Road. Near Tiantong'an Road, the fierce battle between the two sides lasted for 8 hours. The 60th Division of the defenders kept sending death squads to jump out of the trenches and engage in short-term combat, forcing the Japanese to retreat to Disiwei Road. Fighting was also intense elsewhere. Zhabei Bazi Bridge formed a tug-of-war, the defenders lost three positions and lost three, and the casualties were very large; the Japanese casualties were also extremely heavy, and the corpses were many, and the head of the group, Colonel Lin Jue, was killed. The teaching corps and some Feng Yong volunteers fought bravely against the Japanese who landed in Yanglingkou and other places in Qimakou. At 6:30 on March 1, the Japanese launched a full-line attack on the Songhu area. The Japanese first bombarded the defenders' positions continuously with aircraft and artillery for three and a half hours, and then the infantry launched an attack under the cover of tanks and armored vehicles. The 9th Division, the mixed 24th Brigade, and the Marines attacked Miaoxing, the west of Jiangwan, and the line of Zhabei Bazi Bridge. At the same time, they attacked Lion Forest, Yanglingkou, and Qimakou with naval guns. At 7 o'clock, another plane was dispatched to bomb Dachang Town. Under the general attack of the superior Japanese army, although the positions were broken by the Japanese army many times, they still stubbornly competed with the enemy repeatedly. The left wing team of the Japanese 9th Division attacked the first line of Guangdong Yidi, Maiwang House, and Lujiazhai before noon; by 14 o'clock, they occupied the first line on the east side of Tanjiazhai, Lingnan Bridge, and Yangjiazhuang. After the right wing team launched the attack, they were seriously injured by the defenders, but by the afternoon they also occupied Zhuyuandun and the upper ends of Guangdong Yidi, and entered Zhoujiazhai and the first line of the four carts. The central team occupied the northern part of the 23rd Garden, and the mixed 24th Brigade occupied the Dai Family House and entered the first line at the west end of Zhangjiaqiao and Zhujiaqiao. The Japanese tanks rushed into the river bay. Just as the 19th Route Army and the 5th Army were fighting tenaciously on the entire frontal front with the Japanese army, the 11th Division of the Japanese Army began to land from Qimakou, Yanglinkou and Liuhongkou at 6:00 on March 1. Under the strong artillery and infantry attacks of the landing Japanese army, a company of the Central Military Academy teaching corps and a small number of volunteers were still outnumbered and stubbornly resisted. The headquarters of the 19th Route Army urgently dispatched the 261st Brigade of the 87th Division to help, but due to the lack of transportation and the bombing of Japanese aircraft along the way, until 18:00, a regiment rushed to Liuhe. At this time, Liuhe had fallen into the enemy's hands, and the Japanese were advancing in the direction of Jiading. When the Liuhe River was in crisis, the 19th Route Army had no mobile forces to reinforce. It had asked the Military and Political Ministry to send two divisions to assist the Liuhe River, but the Military and Political Ministry ignored it. The collapse of the Liuhe River seriously threatened both the side and the rear of the defenders, and the whole army had to retreat to the second line of defense (namely the line of Huangdu, Fangtai, Jiading, and Taicang) on the evening of March 1. The withdrawal of the 19th Route Army of the Chinese army to the front line was an active transfer to the new defensive area. As the American journalist Edgar Snow said: "To the surprise of many people, this retreat was not a breach of defense.... All the foreign military observers I spoke to praised General Cai for his ability and tactical correctness in directing this orderly strategic retreat. After all the movable artillery had been withdrawn, the troops withdrew from the front line. There was little looting or chaos. The retreat was carried out so quietly and covered so skillfully that the Japanese navy in Zhabei did not realize that the enemy had left until Daliang, and they bombarded empty trenches and fortifications all night. "After the Japanese army noticed that the Chinese army had retreated across the board, they occupied Zhabei, Dachang, Zhenru on March 2, and arrived in Nanxiang on the 3rd. On March 3, the League of Nations meeting decided to demand that China and Japan stop fighting. At this point, the battle in Songhu was over. The Japanese army was observing and organizing the attack. The Japanese army bombarded the Chinese defenders' positions with heavy artillery. The Japanese bombed the Kunshan railway bridge and blocked the defenders from retreating.