On this day, 120 years ago, November 5, 1905 (October 9, 1905, the Inkbottle Incident triggered Cai Yuanpei to establish the Patriotic Society. In November 1905, Shanghai Nanyang Public School experienced an "inkbottle trend" that caused a sensation across the country. Nanyang Public College is a school founded by Sheng Xuanhuai in 1897 to train talents in Westernization. It is famous for its sufficient funds, spacious buildings, well-equipped teachers, and excellent prospects. The school has 6 ordinary classes and one special class for cultivating senior village students. Among them, Guo Zhenying, a teacher in five classes of literature and study classes, has simple knowledge and stubborn and old-fashioned knowledge. He specializes in bullying students. In order to control students 'thoughts, students are only allowed to read "Qing Dynasty Hui Dian" and "Shengwu Ji". Reading new books and newspapers is strictly prohibited, let alone holding meetings and discussing current politics. The students in Class 5 hated it. On November 5, a student deliberately placed an ink bottle on his chair. Guo Zhenying believed that he was deliberately insulting him, so he flew into a rage, severely questioned him, and colluded with the Student General Office to frame and persecute him. On November 11, at Guo's request, the school expelled student Wu Zhengjun. The whole class was furious and tried to be invalid. On the 14th, the class decided to drop out of school and held a farewell speech. Class 5's actions aroused sympathy from the whole school. The next day, the whole school students gathered and sent representatives to Wang Fengying, the chief executive, to request a withdrawal of the order. Wang refused, and the students decided to withdraw the school. At this time, the school panicked and hurriedly asked the students 'respected teacher Cai Yuanpei and others to come out to mediate. On the morning of the 16th, more than 200 students in the school packed their bags and lined up on the playground, waiting for the final news of the negotiations. However, when Cai Yuanpei went to see the supervisor Sheng Xuanhuai to convey the student's request, Sheng Shang was still in bed. At 10 o'clock, when the students saw no response, they shouted: "Long live the motherland! Long live the motherland! Long live the motherland!" Team up and leave school. After the students dropped out of school, some of them returned or dispersed due to temptation from the school and coercion from their parents, but there were still 145 dropouts. Most students who dropped out of school had nowhere to rely on. They wanted to start their own "Republican School" and had no funds, so they asked the China Education Association for help. On November 19, the education association and dropouts discussed Zhang Yuan and decided to establish a patriotic society. At that time, the education association also had no money, so Cai Yuanpei rushed to Nanjing to borrow money. When they arrived at the dock, their family rushed to the dock and cried, saying that their eldest son had died of illness. Cai Yuanpei tearfully asked others to take care of the funeral, and then resolutely boarded the ship. In late November, the Patriotic Society officially opened in Fuyuanli, Nanjing Road. Cai Yuanpei was promoted as prime minister, Wu Zhihui was the supervisor, and Zhang Binglin, Huang Yanpei, Jiang Weiqiao and Wu Danchu were voluntary teachers. The Patriotic Society takes it its own responsibility to instill democratic ideas. Its charter states: "This club is based on the meaning of Japan's Yoshida Matsushita Lecture Society and Nishio's Deer Private School. It emphasizes spiritual education, and the science taught is all to help train spirit and inspire ambition. "Matsuyin Yoshida and Takamori Nishio were representative figures in Japan's political and ideological circles during the Meiji Restoration; Matsushita Lecture Society and Luer Private School were their places of lectures before and after the Restoration. Cai Yuanpei said in his opening speech at the school club: "Popularize the whole country with my ideals, like spreading the nervous system throughout the brain in everyone." The most distinctive feature of the school club is the student autonomy system. Students enjoy great rights and freedoms on campus. Residential students are autonomous and have no council to supervise school administration and student conduct. Senior students also serve as teachers in regular classes. Students often go out with teachers to participate in political activities. The Patriotic Society's pioneering education and active political atmosphere have attracted many young people to study. Afterwards, public opinion generally supported the students. "Xuan Bao" said that this action "cited the words of decades-old scholars and scholars, and cleared them up in one fell swoop, in order to extend the right to independence. Some people in my country's academic circles should be gradually influenced by it to strengthen this student society and prevent Lucia students from focusing on the world." "Xinmin Cong Bao" said that "this is the most important event in the future relationship between China people." "Su Bao" accused the school organizers of "taking pictures of the eldest empire, managing the bureau in charge of the palace, and having bad habits, self-respect as emperors, treating people like dogs and horses, making rules and making wild assumptions. Use suppression and restraint as power, and use people and dispatch things as city kindness; By rejecting new books to hide one's own shortcomings, by using difficult and old learning to show off one's own strengths; by criticizing detailed stories, by focusing on pragmatism, and by controlling students as a facade. Alas, corruption has reached this point, absurdity has reached this point, and tea poison has reached this point. How can I not be a public enemy of the world?"