102 years ago today, September 1, 1923 (July 21, 1923 in the lunar calendar), the Great Kanto Earthquake in Japan. A major earthquake leveled Tokyo, Japan, killing more than 100,000 people and making more than 2 million homeless. On September 1, 1923, a strong earthquake of magnitude 7.9 occurred in the Kanto region of Japan. The earthquake-stricken areas included Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Shizuoka, Yamanashi and other places. The earthquake killed 150,000 people, made more than 2 million people homeless, and damaged property of 6.5 billion yen. According to newspapers at the time, hungry survivors tried to catch fish from ponds and lakes to satisfy their hunger, standing side by side in two-mile long lines waiting for daily rations or rice dumplings per person. The earthquake also caused an epidemic of cholera. To this end, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government ordered martial law to prohibit people from entering the city to prevent the epidemic. At the same time, the Japanese government took the opportunity to massacre revolutionaries and China and South Koreans living in Japan. On September 16, 1996, after accurate calculations by Japan's Kashima Corporation's Technical Research Institute and other units, it was stated that the Great Kanto earthquake that occurred in 1923 in Japan should be 8.1 on the Richter scale. In other words, the scale of the earthquake was twice as large as originally claimed. The Great Kanto earthquake in Japan caused a huge disaster, with a total of 142,000 people killed and missing. Because Tokyo's seismometer had been damaged at that time, based on the records of the Sendai City seismometer, it was estimated that the earthquake was 7.9 on the Richter scale. Kashima Company verified it based on records at the time. They found that their estimates of damage to the seismograph itself were too low. Therefore, the scale of the earthquake was underestimated. Their new evaluation of the earthquake based on actual conditions was 8.1. According to the calculation method of earthquake levels on the Richter scale, the magnitude difference is 0.2, and the magnitude of the earthquake difference is exactly twice. Japan (Tokyo-Yokohama)/Magnitude (Richter scale): 8.3/Death toll: 142,800/Property damage: US$2.8 billion. Photo taken by the China Red Cross rescue team before departure. The China Red Cross rescue team participated in the disaster relief activities in Japan. The China Red Cross rescue team to Japan took a photo with the staff of the Tokyo Red Cross Society on September 1, 1923, a strong 8.2-magnitude earthquake occurred in the Kanto region of Japan. The earthquake-stricken areas included Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Shizuoka, Yamanashi and other places. The earthquake destroyed the Kanto region, including the two major cities of Tokyo and Yokohama. The two cities were 90 and 64 kilometers away from the epicenter respectively. During the earthquake, 50 to 80% of the houses completely collapsed. The earthquake triggered fires, and about 200 places in Yokohama and Tokyo were reduced to ashes. The formation of a "fire flow" between high-rise buildings is eye-catching. The earthquake killed 150,000 people, left more than 2 million homeless, and suffered property damage of 6.5 billion yen. According to newspapers at the time, hungry survivors tried to catch fish from ponds and lakes to satisfy their hunger, standing side by side in two-mile long lines waiting for daily rations or rice dumplings per person. The earthquake also caused an epidemic of cholera. In Tokyo, 40,000 people fled to an open space. Due to the "fire stream" flowing, 33,000 people were burned alive in the open space because they had no way to go. The earthquake killed 143,000 people, 9/10 of whom were burned to death. The earthquake caused a tsunami, with waves as high as 9 meters, sweeping public facilities and villages along the coast. The earthquake caused a landslide, and many people died as well as the train drove into the sea. The earthquake produced an exposed fault with a horizontal displacement of 4 to 5 meters, sinking by 90 to 180 meters in some places in the center of the bay, and uplifting by 229 meters in some places. The most important revelation of the Kanto earthquake to the Japanese people and the world is the issue of comprehensive urban disaster prevention. Fires, floods, plagues, water cuts, power outages, traffic paralysis, lifeline engineering damage, man-made panic and social unrest that occurred after the earthquake are large-scale and sudden, and are very difficult to rescue. Therefore, before the earthquake, emergency plans can be formulated, and emergency actions can be effectively taken during the earthquake, thus achieving the purpose of disaster reduction. Through this earthquake, Japan's earthquake prevention and disaster reduction work has provided valuable experience to people around the world in terms of legal management and comprehensive countermeasures for disaster prevention, urban planning, engineering earthquake resistance, road widening and network cable layout. Japan has moved from a major earthquake country to a major disaster prevention country.