Napoleon, the ambitious Emperor of the First French Empire, was defeated by the reactionary coalition forces and exiled on the Mediterranean Island of Elba in March 1841. However, he did not give up and always wanted to make a comeback. His cronies reported the domestic and international situation to him through various channels. When he learned that the French people were dissatisfied with the dark rule of the Bourbon Dynasty and constantly resisted, he was secretly happy. Later, he learned that the leaders of various countries in the anti-French coalition were meeting in Vienna. Because each had a fierce quarrel, the anti-French alliance seemed to collapse. Napoleon laughed. He immediately gathered several of his old subordinates, formed a small army, and quietly escaped from Elba Island on March 1, 1815.

Napoleon landed at the Port of Jouen in southern France and led a small force towards Paris. Along the way, urban and rural residents from all over the country who hated the Bourbon Dynasty warmly welcomed Napoleon, and even the troops of the Bourbon royal family defected to welcome him. Therefore, Napoleon successfully occupied Paris on March 20 without firing a shot., restored the throne, and regained control of the government.

The leaders of the European powers in Vienna, upon hearing the news of Napoleon's restoration, seemed to be in great danger. For the sake of common interests, they immediately stopped quarreling, reunited, formed the Seventh Anti-French Coalition, and pounced on Napoleon. At the battle of Waterloo, Napoleon's 120,000 army was finally defeated. On June 22, Napoleon was forced to abdicate again and was exiled again. The Bourbon dynasty regained power.

From March 20 to June 22, a period of about 100 days, the three months in French history that Napoleon returned to power were called the "Hundred Days Dynasty".