On this day, 135 years ago, July 3, 1890 (May 17, 1890, the lunar calendar), China historian Chen Yinke was born. Chen Yinke (July 3, 1890-October 7, 1969) was the most famous historian, classical literature researcher, and linguist in modern China. He was from Yining, Jiangxi (now Xiushui County). The son of the famous poet Chen Sanli and the grandson of Hunan Governor Chen Baozhen (an enlightened governor who supported the reform). His wife, Tang Jing, was the granddaughter of Taiwan Governor Tang Jingsong and a female teacher. She met in Tsinghua Garden. They shared the same ideals and got married in Shanghai in 1928 at the age of 37. Chen Yinke studied in Nanjing Family School when he was young. Under the influence of his family environment, he was able to recite four books and five classics and read extensive historical and philosophical classics since childhood. In the twenty-eighth year of Guangxu (1902), Chen Yinke traveled eastward to Japan with his brother Hengke and entered Japan's Chaoya Hongwen College. In 1905, he dropped out of school and returned to China due to foot disease, and later studied at Fudan Public School in Wusong, Shanghai. In 1910, he obtained official fees to study abroad, and successively studied at the University of Berlin in Germany, the University of Zurich in Switzerland, and the School of Higher Political Science in Paris in France. The First World War broke out and returned to China in 1914. In the winter of 1918, he received funding from Jiangxi official fees and went abroad to study, first studying Sanskrit and Pali under Professor Lanman at Harvard University in the United States. In 1921, he transferred to the University of Berlin in Germany to study Oriental Paleography with Professor Luthersch. At the same time, he learned China-Asian ancient writing from Miao Qin and Mongolian from Henis. During his study abroad, he studied diligently and accumulated various aspects. Knowledge and the ability to read eight languages: Sanskrit, Pali, Persian, Turkic, Western Xia, English, French and German, especially Sanskrit and Palinite. Writing is a tool for studying history. He has a profound foundation in Chinese studies, is proficient in national history, and has absorbed a large amount of Western culture. Therefore, his insights are mostly valued by scholars at home and abroad. In 1925, Chen Yinke returned to China. At this time, Tsinghua University was transformed into a university and the Institute of Chinese Studies was established. Its "basic concept was to use modern scientific methods to sort out national heritage." Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao, Zhao Yuanren and others, the most prestigious scholars at that time, were appointed as mentors. Wu Mi, then director of the research institute, valued him very much and considered him "the most knowledgeable person in China." Liang Qichao also respected him very much and humbly introduced him to others: "Mr. Chen's knowledge is better than mine." They all strongly recommended him to the school. In June 1926, when he was only 36 years old, he was recruited as a mentor at the research institute together with Liang Qichao and Wang Guowei, and was called the "Three Big Three of Tsinghua University." In the memorial inscription Wang Guowei made in 1929, he first proposed the academic spirit and value orientation pursued by "the spirit of independence, the thought of freedom." At that time, he supervised graduate students at the National Academy of Sciences and took part-time courses at Peking University. He also studied and wrote Buddhist classics and border history. Courses in Chinese and History, Buddhist Studies, etc. are offered at Tsinghua University. When he gave lectures, he quoted multiple languages to support history, or quoted poems to cite history, from "Liangong Cave" to "Pipa Xing" and "Song of Eternal Regret", all of which were frankly revealed, and the source of the words was not inaccurate. The accompanying elucidation was even more precise and amazing! Under his reputation, he is simple and thick, modest and confident, sincere without pretending, and is known as a scholar. In 1930, the Tsinghua Academy of Chinese Studies was suspended, and Chen Yinke served as professor of the three departments of history, Chinese, and philosophy at Tsinghua University, director of the Academia Sinica, leader of the first group of the Institute of History and Languages, and director of the Palace Museum. Chen Yinke inherited the scientific spirit of emphasizing evidence and facts in the history study of Qianjia scholars in the Qing Dynasty, and also absorbed the Western "historical evolution method"(that is, inspecting history from the evolution and connection of things and exploring historical materials), and used this combination of Chinese and Western textual research and comparison method to trace the origin of some materials and verify them accurately. On this basis, we pay attention to a comprehensive analysis of historical facts and find out the key points from the connection between many things, so as to solve a series of problems and obtain the truth of historical features. His precise textual research method has achieved more achievements than scholars in the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods, and has developed my country's historical textual research. Chen Yinke has made important discoveries on the translation, collation, and interpretation of Buddhist scriptures, as well as his research on phonology, the origin of Mongolia, the origin of the Li Tang clan, the origin of the government military system, and cultural exchanges between China and India. He has published 40 to 50 weighty papers in journals such as the Collected Journal of the Institute of History of the Academia Sinica and the Journal of Tsinghua University. He is recognized as a erudite and knowledgeable historian in academic circles at home and abroad. In July 1937, the Anti-Japanese War broke out, and the Japanese army pressed directly against Pingjin. Chen Yinke's father, Chen Sanli, died on a hunger strike. After the funeral, Yin Ke moved south with the school and lived a wandering journey. In the autumn of 1938, Southwest Associated University moved to Kunming, and he followed the school to Kunming. In the spring of 1942, at the order of the Japanese side, someone specially invited him to teach in Shanghai, which had been occupied by the Japanese army. He refused again and immediately left for Hong Kong and traveled to Guilin via Gangzhou Bay. He served as a professor at Guangxi University and Sun Yat-sen University, and soon moved to Yanjing University to teach. At that time, in the face of national danger, the Kuomintang government was corrupt and incompetent, passive in resisting Japan and active in anti-communism. Yin Ke felt sad. However, some imperial literati in Guilin actually launched a boring activity to present Jiang Kai-shek with nine tripods and advised him to participate. He wrote "Guwei Spring Sense Fu":"Jiuding inscriptions compete for virtue, and a century of rough and rough will always harm poverty." As an irony. During this period, during his busy teaching, he was still committed to academic research. He successively published two works,"On the Origin of the Sui and Tang Dynasties System" and "On the Political History of the Tang Dynasty", which put forward many new insights on the history of the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It opened up new ways for future generations to study the history of the Sui and Tang Dynasties. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Chen Yinke was once again recruited to teach at Oxford University and went to London to treat his eyes. After diagnosis and treatment by British doctors, he was not only ineffective, but his eye disease worsened. Finally, he issued a diagnosis stating that blindness in both eyes was a foregone conclusion. Yin Ke resigned his employment contract with disappointment and returned to the motherland in 1949. He taught in Tsinghua Garden and continued his academic research. On the eve of liberation, he went to Guangzhou and refused Fu Sinian, director of the Institute of History and Linguistics of the Kuomintang Academia Sinica, to go to Taiwan and Hong Kong, and taught at Lingnan University in Guangzhou. The departments and departments were adjusted, and Lingnan University was merged into Sun Yat-sen University. So he moved to Sun Yat-sen University. After liberation, he was valued and cared for by the Party and government. He was successively elected as a member of the Department of Social Sciences of China Academy of Sciences, deputy director of China Museum of Literature and History, standing member of the Third National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (according to the Chronicle of Mr. Chen Yinke, only Guo Moruo, president of China Academy of Sciences, wrote to Chen Yinke as the second director of the Institute of Philosophy and Social Science History of the Academy of Sciences, and noted that he had not resigned and recommended Chen Yuan to replace himself. The above-mentioned positions are based on the "Draft of Xiushui County") and continue to serve as a professor at Sun Yat-sen University. Since 1956, central leaders such as Chen Yi, Tao Zhu, Zhou Yang, and Hu Qiaomu have all visited him one after another. Tao Zhu respected his knowledge and character, and personally cared about his assistant allocation and eye disease treatment in 1957. In 1962, his right leg fell and fractured, and nurses were sent to take care of him in shifts, which became a beautiful story among the intellectual circles in Guangdong. In 1962, Hu Qiaomu went to visit him and cared about the publication of his anthology. He said: "There will be a fixed period of time to cover the coffin, but there will be no day to publish it." Hu Qiaomu replied with a smile: "It will be published for a certain time, but it is still too early to cover the coffin. With the help of his assistant, he compiled old texts other than "On the Origin of the Sui and Tang Dynasties","A Review of Political History of the Tang Dynasty", and "Notes and Evidence of Yuan and Bai Poems" into "Sailiutang Collection" and "Jinming Guan Cong Draft", and wrote the monograph "The Biography of Liu Ru", and finally wrote "Hanliu Tang Dream Recording." His assistant Huang Xuan once said with emotion: "Yin Shi used his blind old age, not afraid of hard work and experience, and worked hard to complete this manuscript (i.e.," Liu Ru Biography "). His perseverance is really earth-shaking and weeping spirit." During the ten years of turmoil, Chen Yinke was brutally tortured. What saddened him most was that most of the books and poems he had collected for many years were looted. Han Hen passed away in Guangzhou on October 7, 1969. Chen Yinke has long been committed to teaching and historical research. He loved the motherland, studied seriously, and sought truth from facts. He wrote high-level historical works in historical research, opened up people's historical horizons, and made contributions to historical research in our country. It has always been revered by people. Yin Ke is not only a great historian, but also an outstanding poet in the old style. He admired Tao (Yuanming) and Du (Fu). Although he liked Li Bai and Li Yishan's poems, he did not think they were high-quality. He particularly liked civilian-oriented poetry, so he admired Bai Juyi the most. In his "On Rebirth", there is the sentence "When discussing poetry, I also tanci style". "Shi Cun" came out. His life's works were compiled and collated by his student Jiang Tianshu, professor of the Chinese Department of Fudan University. A two-volume, two-million-word "Selected Works of Chen Yinke" was compiled in 1979 and published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House. Comment: A master of history you have seen in three hundred years