Abdul Aziz I

On February 9, 1830, Abdul Aziz I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, was born.

In the first ten years of the reign of Abdul-Aziz I, he had considerable political achievements. In terms of internal affairs, he established universities and formulated codes. Diplomatically, the distance between Britain, France and Russia remains equal. However, due to the gathering of domestic food and opposition forces, he gradually began to adopt more high-pressure rule since 1872. In 1876, he was ousted by popular resistance and died shortly after.

Ottoman Sultan

The Ottoman Empire's secular supreme ruler was called the Sultan, similar to the emperor of China. The Sultan was at the apex of the imperial ruling class and played a leadership role in various political, military, judicial, social and religious roles with various titles. The Sultan was theoretically only responsible to Allah and the laws of Allah, the Sharia Law, and he was also the supreme enforcer. The Sultan's destiny is reflected in a series of Islamic titles such as: "Shadow of Allah on the earth", "Caliph on the earth", etc. All ruling institutions embody the authority of the Sultan, and each law is issued by the Sultan in the form of an edict. The Sultan is the Supreme Military Commander and enjoys the authority that this title brings to all the lands of the Empire.