Mikhail Yulevich Lermontov (Russian: §®§Ú §Ó §Ñ§Ú §Ý §â§î§Ö §Ó §Ú§é §Ö §â§Þ§à§ß§ä§à §Ó; October 15, 1814-July 27, 1841) was a Russian writer and poet. It is regarded as a successor to Pushkin.

His father, Yuri Petrovich Lermontov, was a retired military officer, and his mother, Maria Mihailovna, died early and was raised by her grandmother's family. Her childhood was spent in the Tarhane Manor in Arsenyeva, Penza Province. She was frail and sick since childhood and could speak fluent French and German. In 1827, the family moved to Moscow, and in 1828, they entered the Moscow aristocratic boarding school. They began to study Pushkin and Byron, and began to write poetry. The main works of this period were "Pirates","Criminals", and "Oleg".

In March 1830, the Moscow boarding school was changed to a general secondary school. Lermontov asked to drop out and went to the Serednikovo estate of the Stolypin family. In the same year, he was admitted to Moscow University. He met and fell in love with E. A. Sushkova at the home of his friend A.M. Vereshatina. Lyric poetry began to be written during this period, but he continued to move on and fell in love with Ivanova, the daughter of the playwright Ivanov. In 1832, he went to St. Petersburg. In November of the same year, he passed the entrance examination for non-commissioned officers of the guards. In 1835, he became a second lieutenant in the cavalry of the Imperial Hussars. On January 27, 1837, Pushkin was seriously wounded in a duel and died on the 29th. When Lermontov learned the news, he was extremely angry and wrote "The Death of a Poet", which angered the Tsar. On February 18, 1837, Lermontov was arrested and transferred to the Nizhny Novgorod Caucasian Cavalry Regiment as a warrant officer. His footprints were all over Shusha, Kuba, Shemaha, Kakhti. Due to the running of his grandmother, he returned to Petersburg in April 1838. In 1840, the only collection of poems in his life was issued. In February 1840, in a conflict with Barrant, the son of the French minister, Lermontov fired a shot into the sky and was handed over to a military court. In April 1840, he was transferred to the Tianga Cavalry Regiment of the active Caucasian army and exiled to the Caucasus for the second time. In July, he participated in the Battle of the Caucasian Mountain People and the Battle of Valeri In early February 1841, he returned to Petersburg, where his heroic deeds were recognized. Returned to the Caucasus in April 1841.

On July 27, 1841, at a family party in Verzirin, in the Mashuk foothills near the city of Pyatigorsk, Lermontov's joke angered Martynov, a classmate of the cadet school, and the vain Martynov demanded a duel. Lermontov did not shoot, but Martynov shot Lermontov in the heart and died instantly at the age of 27. His grandmother buried him in Tarkhanne.

major works

The lyric poems "Borodino" and "Motherland" are full of patriotic feelings, and "Lonely Sails" expresses the desire for freedom.

* The long poem "Devil" criticizes the dark serfdom society.

* "The Boy Monk" describes the tragic experience of a young mountain dweller who refused to live in a prison like a monastery.

The Song of the Merchant Karasyskov recounts the tragedy of a young merchant who defied the power of the Tsar and dared to duel his guards.

* The novella "Contemporary Heroes" describes the spiritual emptiness of aristocratic intellectuals represented by Bi Qiaolin under the rule of the Tsar.

The play "Masquerade" reflects the hypocrisy and fraud of high society.

Comments: How similar to Pushkin.