78 years ago today, on December 16, 1947 (November 5, 1947 lunar calendar), the first transistor was invented. The father of the transistor, William Shockley, William Shockley On December 16, 1947, at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, USA, three scientists - William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Bratton - succeeded in making the first transistor at Bell Labs. Changed human history. By 1950, William Shockley developed the bipolar junction transistor (bipolarjunctiontransistor), which is now commonly known as the transistor, and the first device using transistor technology and commercialized in 1953 turned out to be a hearing aid. They are experimenting with amplifying sound signals with semiconductor crystals in a conductor circuit. The three scientists were surprised to find that a small amount of current passing through one part of the device they invented could control a much larger amount of current flowing through another part, resulting in amplification. This device is an epoch-making achievement in the history of science and technology - the transistor. Because it was invented on Christmas Eve and had such a huge impact on people's lives, it was called "a Christmas gift to the world". Therefore, the three scientists were jointly awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1956, when three inventors were awarded the Nobel Prize, their scientific and technological achievements were making great strides into the homes of hundreds of millions of people around the world, and were used in televisions, radios, high fidelity speakers and other devices. Transistors promoted and brought about the "solid-state revolution", which in turn promoted the semiconductor electronics industry on a global scale. As a major component, it was timely and widely used in communication tools first, and produced huge economic benefits. As transistors revolutionized the structure of electronic circuits, integrated circuits and large-scale integrated circuits came into being, making it a reality to manufacture high-precision devices like high-speed electronic computers. BellLabs Experimental Model of the First Transistor