On this day, 347 years ago, on December 13, 1678 (October 30, 1678 in the lunar calendar), Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty was born. On December 13, 1678, Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty was born. Shizong of the Qing Dynasty Aixinjue Luo¡¤Yin Zhen (1678 - 1735 AD), the Manchu nationality, the fourth son of Xuanye, the holy ancestor of the Qing Dynasty. He was the third emperor after entering the Pass of the Qing Dynasty. He reigned from 1722 to 1735. His year name was Yongzheng. He was buried in Tailing in the West Hill of the Qing Dynasty. His posthumous title was Jingtian Changyun Jianzhong. The main text of the table was Wu Yingming, tolerant, benevolent, sincere, and virtuous. His temple name was Shizong. When he was young, Emperor Shizong of the Qing Dynasty studied classics and history from Gu Badai, Xu Yuanmeng and others. He was also close to Zen monks and had a slight understanding of Buddhism. He once accompanied the Holy Ancestor to patrol the south of the Yangtze River, visiting Buddha Wutai Mountain and the Rehe River in autumn (today's Chengde, Hebei), and was ordered to pay homage to the Confucian Temple in Qufu and the ancestral tomb in Shengjing (today's Shenyang, Liaoning). The Holy Ancestor of the Qing Dynasty personally invaded Galdan and followed the expedition to govern the Red Flag Camp. At the end of Kangxi's reign, he competed with other princes for the throne. After the death of the Holy Ancestor, he inherited the throne with the help of the Thirteenth Prince Yin Xiang. It was also rumored that with the help of Longkeduo, he seized the throne of Fuyuan General Yin Yu. Whether Yongzheng inherited the throne was a personal biography of Kangxi or tampered with the edict to usurp the throne is a controversial issue and there is no final conclusion. Shizong of the Qing Dynasty was already forty-five years old when he ascended the throne. Coupled with his previous experience, he had a better understanding of the world situation and had rich experience in governing. After taking the throne, he took various political measures to consolidate his throne. The first was to eliminate dissidents, divide and disintegrate the group of princes, recall Yin Qi from the Northwest Army, and suppress him. Yin was granted the title of Prince Lian and Minister of Prime Minister Affairs. Send Yin to Qinghai West Datong (now northwest of Qinghai Datong). In view of the fact that the Qing Dynasty did not have an effective system for establishing chancellors, disputes often arose over the right to inherit the throne, and a secret chancellors system was created. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), he accepted the suggestion of Nuo Min, governor of Shanxi, and implemented measures to consume envy and restore integrity to the public, in order to limit and reduce officials 'corruption, fraud and excessive collection. In the second year, in view of the serious deficit of money and grain in various places in the late years of Kangxi, it was decided to conduct a strict investigation. The corrupt officials were raided at home to recover the stolen goods, and the people were in arrears, and ordered to collect them annually in a short period of time. In three years, in the name of bullying and forming cliques for personal gain, Sejong ordered Fuyuan General Nian Geng Yao to commit suicide. At the same time, he cut off Longke Duo Taibao and later banned him to death. As a result, Wang Jingqi's "Essays on the Western Expedition" case and Zha Siting test questions case were implicated. In seven years, Zeng Jing sent his apprentice Zhang Xi to instigate the rebellion of Yue Zhongqi, the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and implicated the late Confucian scholar Lu Liuliang. Sejong then launched a literary prison as a means to control thoughts, attack political opponents, and enhance his authority. In the same year, in order to meet the needs of military operations in the northwest, a military aircraft room was established (changed to the military aircraft office in ten years), and ministers of close importance were selected to assist in military affairs. Military ministers can only recite the emperor's orders and have no right to praise, thus making the emperor more centralized. In addition to the title and memorial, he also ordered the governor Bu Jian and other local officials to secretly write the memorial to strengthen the emperor's control over local administration. Economically, a number of measures have been taken aimed at developing agricultural production. In the second year of Yongzheng, the tax and corvee system proposed by Li Weijun, governor of Zhili, began to implement the "distribution of workers into acres". At the same time, it was announced that Confucian households and officials should be abolished, and the privileges of gentry should be restricted, so that the burden of labor service should be more reasonable regardless of whether rich or poor. At the same time, in order to solve the problem of food needed by the growing population, the traditional policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing the end of labor has been more strictly implemented, encouraging reclamation of land, emphasizing grain production, and opposing the cultivation of cash crops, mining and the development of handicrafts. He paid attention to the construction of water conservancy. In addition to regulating the Yellow River and building Zhejiang seawalls, he ordered Prince Yi Yin Xiang to carry out farmland water conservancy in Zhili and build and dredge water canals in Ningxia. At the same time, social reforms were implemented. In the first year of Yongzheng, he ordered the abolition of music books in Shanxi and Shaanxi, and ordered other cheap books to follow suit. Later, the lazy people in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, the "accompanying dang" in Huizhou, Anhui, the Shifu of Ningguo, the Tan households in Guangdong, and the beggar households in Changshu, Jiangsu successively opened up the exemption to become good people, thus cracking down on the remaining slave-holding system and playing a positive role in social development. During his reign, Sejong also paid attention to relations with ethnic minorities and diplomatic relations. In the fourth year of Yongzheng, at the suggestion of Ertai, the governor of Yungui, the policy of land reform and return was implemented on a large scale, and some chieftains in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Sichuan and other provinces were abolished, strengthening the central government's rule over the area. In five years, the Qing court concluded the Treaty of Brensky and the Treaty of Chaktu with Russia, safeguarding national sovereignty in delimiting the Sino-Russian border and handling trade issues between the two countries. Emperor Shizong of the Qing Dynasty selected some of the memorials he had reviewed and compiled them into "Zhu Pi Xu Zhi". His edict to his ministers and servants was compiled into "Shangyu Cabinet" and "Shangyu Eight Banners" from records by Zhang Tingyu and others. His articles in various genres were compiled as "Collected Works of Imperial Works" by later generations. In the 13th year of Yongzheng, Sejong died. posthumous title of Emperor Xian. Comment: Although he was in power for a short time, he was a very capable emperor.