On this day, 120 years ago, on August 19, 1905 (July 19, 1905), the Russian Tsar established the Duma. On August 19, 1905, Tsar Nicholas II took a less than positive step towards a constitutional monarchy by establishing a representative assembly called the Duma. However, this new body could not have infringed on the Tsar's power, because it was entirely a consultative body without the power to make laws independently. To further ensure that the new Duma would not play a revolutionary role, its electoral law stipulated that the number of peasants exceeded the proportion, because peasants were considered more conservative than city dwellers and were more likely to follow the Tsar. These reforms were unsatisfactory to the Liberation Association, a movement led by this liberal organization that aimed to establish a national body with real legislative powers. The association is composed of politicians, students, and others.