On this day 143 years ago, on December 28, 1882 (November 19, 1882 lunar calendar), British astrophysicist and mathematician Eddington was born. British astrophysicist and mathematician Arthur Eddington On December 28, 1882, British astrophysicist and mathematician Eddington was born in Kendall, England. Eddington graduated from Owens College (now the University of Manchester) in 1902 and Cambridge University in 1905. From 1906 to 1913 he served as chief assistant to the director of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, after which he returned to Cambridge as Plum Chair Professor of Astronomy. Eddington's earliest work was on the motion of stars. After that, he began to study the internal structure of stars in 1916. The results of his research were published in his first re-commissioned book, "The Internal Structure of Stars." He introduced a previously overlooked phenomenon, that is, the huge effect that radiation pressure can have on the balance of stars. The propagation of thermal energy from the inside of the star to the outside is not achieved by convection as originally thought, but by radiation. It was in this work that Eddington comprehensively summarized the relationship between mass and luminosity. This relationship was discovered in 1924. It states that the more mass a star has, the more light it can emit. The value of this conclusion is that if a star's intrinsic brightness is known, its mass can be determined from this brightness. Eddington also realized that there is a limit to the size of stars: the number of stars with masses greater than 10 times the mass of the sun is relatively small, and any star with a mass greater than 50 times that of the sun cannot be stable due to excessive radiation pressure. Eddington wrote a large number of scientific monographs and popular books. Some of his works are quite popular, including a reprint of "The Inflating Universe". It was because of Eddington's introduction that Patriot Stein's theory of general relativity spread to English-speaking countries. Eddington was deeply influenced by relativity and provided experimental evidence for this theory. He observed the 1919 all-day candle and submitted a report in which he reported that one of Einstein's most accurate and unexpected predictions in general relativity had been successfully observed: the slight curvature of light as it passed through the attractive force field of a star (i.e., the sun). In 1924, Einstein's theory received further support: at Eddington's request, Walter Adams detected and measured the shift in the wavelength of the spectral lines of Sirius' high-density white dwarf companion, Sirius, confirming Einstein's prediction that stellar light would turn red due to the attractive force field. In this way, Eddington did much work to build Einstein's theory on a strict and solid foundation. In his "Mathematical Principles of Relativity", Eddington also described this theory with great brilliance. For many years, Eddington immersed himself in the study of an esoteric but highly challenging theory, which was later published in his posthumous "Fundamental Theory". Broadly speaking, Eddington's idea was that the fundamental constants in science, such as the mass of the proton, the mass of the electron, and the charge load, are "natural and complete determinations of the structure of the universe", and their values are not accidental. Eddington had tried to develop a theory that could deduce these values. But failed.