On this day, 45 years ago, on September 22, 1980 (August 14, 1980 in the lunar calendar), the Iran-Iraq War broke out. Iraq soldiers attacking Iranian positions On September 22, 1980, a large-scale and protracted war broke out between Iran and Iraq. For a long time, there have been territorial disputes, ethnic and sectarian conflicts between the two countries. In early 1971, a border conflict broke out between the two sides. In 1975, under the mediation of Algeria President Boumedin, Iran and Iran signed the "Border and Good-Neighborliness Treaty"(the "Algiers Agreement"), which stipulated the center line of the main channel of the Shatt al-Arab as the boundary. Iran agreed to allocate approximately 300 square kilometers of land in Kermanshah province to Iraq. The contradiction between the two countries has eased, but it has not been truly resolved. Iran has not fulfilled the above commitments. In February 1979, after Khomeini came to power in Iran, relations between the two countries deteriorated sharply. In early 1980, Iraq announced that it would abolish the border agreement, and the border conflict between the two sides gradually escalated. On September 17, Iraq declared full sovereignty over the Shatt al-Arab. On the 22nd, troops were sent to Iran, and the war broke out. In the early days of the war, Iraq gained power and occupied about 20,000 square kilometers of Iran's land. At the end of March 1981, the two sides reached a deadlock. In April 1982, Iran launched a counterattack and basically recovered all its lost territory. In July, Iranian troops crossed the border and occupied a number of towns and strongholds in Iraq. In October, Iraq contained Iran's offensive and the two sides entered a stage of stalemate. Starting in April 1984, the war expanded into Strait waters and urban areas. In order to destroy each other's economy and cut off oil export transportation lines,"tanker wars" and "city attacks" broke out. The two sides competed to attack each other's oil bases and central cities, and attacked oil tankers entering and leaving each other's ports. The Iran-Iraq War attracted the attention of the international community. The United Nations, the Organization of the Islamic Conference, non-aligned countries, etc. have all intervened many times, but due to the far apart conditions between the two sides, they failed to work. On July 20, 1987, the Security Council adopted Resolution 598 ending the Iran-Iraq War. Iraq announced its acceptance, but Iran insisted that the war culprits should be punished and demanded that Saddam Hussein step down, but refused to accept it. At the beginning of 1988, Iraq launched continuous attacks and entered Iran in July after recovering lost territory. On July 18, Iran changed its previous tough attitude and announced its acceptance of Security Council Resolution 598. On August 20, the two sides declared a ceasefire. On August 25, the two sides began direct negotiations under the auspices of United Nations Secretary-General de Cuellar. At this point, the eight-year Iran-Iraq War has ended. This war killed about 1 million people and injured about 1.7 million people on both sides, equivalent to 17 times the total number of casualties in the four Middle East wars, and the overall economic loss reached about 600 billion US dollars. On August 20, 1988, Iran and Iran officially achieved a ceasefire across the board. Fight for Khomeini 1984 Khomeini was the spiritual leader of the Iranians 1986 Khomeini was the spiritual leader of the Iranians Iraq soldier under the statue of Khomeini The Iranian Air Force bombed oil facilities near Basra in Iraq, causing a fire. Iraq launched a full-scale attack on Iran. The Iran-Iraq War broke out, and the Iranian armed forces headed for the Iran-Iran border to fight, and the war began to escalate. Iraq soldiers attacking Iranian positions On September 22, 1980, a full-scale armed conflict broke out between Iraq and Iran. The war between Iran and Iran made the originally unstable international situation even more tense and attracted worldwide attention and serious attention. What is recorded here is the origin and origin of the War between Iran and Iraq and its impact on the international situation. As the saying goes: "Rome was not built in one day." The rift between Iran and Iran has a long history, and the border and territorial dispute has a history of more than a hundred years. Iraq and Iran, located in Southwest Asia, are neighboring countries. The two countries share a 1280-kilometer-long common border. In the southern section of the border between the two countries, there is the Shatt al-Arab River. On the left bank of the river is Iran's largest seaport, the famous oil industry base Abadan and the commercial port of Khoramshahr; On the right bank of the river are Basra, the largest port city in Iraq, and Faw, the important oil export port. The dispute between Iran and Iran is mainly over the Shatt al-Arab. This river, formed by the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, flows south into the Persian Gulf. The Shatt al-Arab River is not only the only outlet to the sea in Iraq, but also the outlet to the Abadan refinery in Iran, one of the world's largest refineries. The upper reaches of the river are in Iraq, and the lower reaches are about 100 kilometers in the border area between Iran and Iraq. In 1847, the Ottoman Empire (Iraq was a province of the Ottoman Empire at that time) signed a contract with Iran, stipulating that the boundary river between the two countries was divided according to the shallow water line on the Iranian side of the east bank of the river, and all sovereignty over the river belonged to Iraq. There are rich oil fields on both sides of the river, which are of great economic and strategic significance to both countries. In 1937, Iran and Iran signed a boundary treaty again, stipulating that the Abadan and Khoramshahr port areas should be transferred to Iran, and Iran obtained freedom of navigation on the river, and the boundary river is divided by the center line of the river channel. In exchange, Iraq collects navigation taxes to manage navigation and care for rivers. Iraq has always disagreed with the delineation of border areas, believing that it was imposed on Iraq by Iran in its heyday. For decades, conflicts between the two countries have continued due to border disputes. When Britain withdrew its troops in the Gulf, Iran dispatched its navy in November 1971 and stationed it on three small islands at the entrance of the Gulf, namely Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb and Abu Musa. These three islands are located in the Strait of Hormuz, guarding the throat of the bay like three gatekeepers. Iraq has always been resentful of this. However, Iraq was busy coping with the war of Kurds in the north seeking "independence" at that time. The Kurds were supported by Iranian arms, so it was difficult for them to fight against Iran. After mediation, Iran and Iran signed another border agreement in Algiers on March 6, 1975: Iraq acquiesced in Iran's occupation of the three islands and agreed to share control of the Shatt al-Arab with Iran. Iran promised to stop arms aid to the Kurds, allowing Iraq to quell civil strife. However, Iraq believes that the Algiers Agreement is unfair and insists that the three Gulf islands should belong to the Arab region. In addition to territorial disputes, there are also sectarian disputes. Although both Iran and Iran are countries that believe in Islam, they belong to two opposing sects: Sunnis and Shiites. In Islamic countries, Sunnis are the majority and Shiites are the minority. More than 90% of Muslims in Iran are Shiites; although 60% of Muslims in Iraq are Shiites, the ruling party is Sunni. In 1963, Shiite religious leader Khomeini was exiled to Iraq for leading the "White Revolution" against King Pahlavi. He has been in exile for 14 years and is very influential among Shiite Muslims in Iraq. After King Pahlavi was forced to leave Iran in 1979, Khomeini returned to Tehran, promoted the "Islamic Revolution" in Iran, and exported "revolutionary theories" to neighboring Islamic countries, proposing to establish "religious rule" in Islam. Khomeini "has been calling on the Shiite majority in Iraq to overthrow President Hussein," thus adding new hatred to Iraq's old hatred of Iran. Iraq allows anti-Khomeini forces to carry out activities at home. Former Iranian Prime Minister Khetiar and former Tehran military executive General Ram-Ali Ovesi have radio stations in Baghdad to directly broadcast programs against the Khomeini regime to Iran. In April and May this year, Baghdad deported 40,000 Iraq Iranians. Subsequently, Iraq Shiite religious leader Mohammed Bajir Sadr was assassinated in Baghdad. Territorial disputes and sectarian conflicts further intensified, leading to war between the two countries.