On this day, 43 years ago, on March 1, 1982 (February 6, 1982 in the lunar calendar), the Soviet Union's "Venus 13" interplanetary automatic station arrived at Venus. On March 1, 1982, the "Venus 13" interplanetary automatic station launched by the Soviet Union arrived at Venus, and its descent device successfully made a soft landing on the surface of Venus. When the "Venus 13" descent device entered the atmosphere of Venus, it was 250 times heavier. Its shell was affected by the forward shock wave, and its temperature was as high as 12000 degrees Celsius, which is equivalent to twice the temperature of the sun's surface. During the descent, the instruments on the device analyzed the chemical composition and structure of the Venus atmosphere and clouds, and sent the collected Venus soil samples back to the sealed cabin for testing after landing. and measured earthquakes on Venus. "Venus" list name Launch date Mass/kg Main situation Venus 1 flew over 100,000 kilometers away from Venus on February 12, 1961. The radio wave was interrupted halfway. Venus 2 flew over 24,000 kilometers away from Venus on November 12, 1965, 963 on February 27 of the following year. The radio waves were interrupted. Failure. Venus 3 reached the surface of Venus on November 15, 1965, 960, March 1 of the following year. The radio waves were interrupted. Venus 4 arrived at Venus on June 12, 1967, 1106 and October 18, where temperature, pressure, and atmospheric composition were measured. Venus 5 arrived at Venus on January 5, 1969, 1130 and May 16, and measured temperature, pressure, and atmospheric composition. Venus 6 arrived at Venus on January 10, 1969, 1130 and May 17, and measured temperature, pressure, and atmospheric composition. Venus 7 made a soft landing on Venus on August 17, 1970, 1180 and December 15, and measured temperature, pressure, and atmospheric composition. Venus 8 made a soft landing in the day region of Venus on March 27, 1972, 118, and relayed the news for 50 minutes. Venus 9, June 8, 1975, 5000 (lander 1500) entered the orbit of the Venus satellite on October 22. The lander completed a soft landing, broadcast panoramic photos of the surface, and made wind speed measurements. Venus 10 June 14, 1975 5100 (lander 1500) became a Venus artificial satellite on October 25. On the same day, the lander made a soft landing, panoramic photos were taken and wind speeds were also measured. Venus 11 arrived near Venus on September 9, 1978 and December 25. Venus 12 arrived near Venus on September 14, 1978 and December 21.