832 years ago today, on January 18, 1193 (December 14, 1192 lunar calendar), Lu Jiuyuan, a psychologist, passed away. Lu Jiuyuan (March 26, 1139 - January 18, 1193), character Zijing, number Xiangshan, Han nationality, the name of the study "Cun", the world calls Mr. Cunzhai, a native of Qingtian Village, Lufang, Jinxi County, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province. A famous theorist, thinker and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty, the ancestor of "psychology" in the Song and Ming Dynasties. His theories were inherited and carried forward by many later Confucians and became an important school of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties, which had a great impact on later generations. Lu Jiuyuan was a famous philosopher and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty, and a native of Jinxi, Fuzhou (now Jiangxi). He was a landmark figure with outstanding contributions in the history of Chinese philosophy. Even if Chinese philosophy is "suppressed" to a minimum, it cannot avoid the peak of Lu Jiuyuan. He is as famous as Zhu Xi, a famous theorist at that time, and is known as "Zhu Lu" in history. Lu Jiuyuan's philosophical proposition that "mind is reason" led him to create China's "psychology", which was the only one that could be opposed to Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism at that time. Since the Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism has become the ruling ideology of the rulers, and since the mid-Ming Dynasty, the disciples of the Lu Sect have further developed "mind is reason" into the proposition of "everything is only me" and "unreasonable outside the heart". The influence has gradually increased, and the official academic circle has begun to change from Zhu to Lu. In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Yangming even preached the study of the mind as a descendant of the Lu Sect, and put forward the proposition of "nothing outside the heart" and "unreasonable outside the heart". He advocated the method of "conscience" in epistemology, and also proposed "the unity of knowledge and action", opposing the saying that Confucian knowledge went first and then in the Song Dynasty. The study of the mind created by Lu Jiuyuan was finally completed in Wang Yangming, known as "the study of the heart of the king of Lu". After the Ming Dynasty, Lu Wang's study of the heart flourished in China, and many schools appeared. The Ming and Huang Zongxi's "Ming Confucian Study Plan" was classified by region, and divided the study of the queen of the king into seven systems: the king of Zhejiang Central, the king of Jiangyou, the king of Nanzhong, the king of Chu Central, the king of the north, the king of Guangdong and Fujian, and the king of Taizhou. The study of mind has become the main philosophical trend since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has been affecting the modern Chinese ideological circle. For example, the famous scholars in modern times Guo Moruo, Ma Yifu, Wu Mi, etc. were deeply influenced by Lu Wang's study of mind, and once advocated the use of mind to guide the Chinese people's thoughts. Lu Jiuyuan pioneered the Chinese study of mind Lu Jiuyuan (1139-1192), No. Xiangshan, character Zijing, and was a junior scholar at the age of 34. His father, Lu He, was a wise man in the village. He had six sons, Lu Jiusi, Lu Jiuxu, Lu Jiugao, Lu Jiushao, Lu Jiuling, and Lu Jiuyuan. Lu Jiuyuan ranked sixth. According to the "Collection of Filial Piety of the Lu Family in Guizhou" compiled by Guangxu Shi from the Lu Dejue Family Collection in the Inspection Village of Bee Yan Town, Fenggang County: "The beginning of Xiangshan (Lu Jiuyuan) is also the beginning of the birth. The villagers have adopted children, and the two parents have more children and desire to (give) them. Jiusi (the eldest brother of Jiuyuan) Please think it is impossible, it is the year of Jiusi that the child is born and rejuvenated. The language wife said: My son pays the milk of the women in the field, and I can nurse the little uncle (referring to Jiuyuan). The wife Xin however follows, Xiangshan is long, and things (regard) brother and sister-in-law as parents". According to the biography of Lu Jiuyuan in the history of the Song Dynasty, when Lu Jiuyuan was four years old, one day he asked his father: "Why is heaven and earth infinite?" His father laughed but did not answer, so Jiuyuan thought hard about this and forgot to sleep and eat. In subsequent studies, Lu Jiuyuan, who was keen on learning, often found problems in the book. For example, when reading "The Analects of Confucius ¡¤ Xueer", he expressed doubts about the three chapters of "There Are Sons". Reading the second journey book, he found that what he said was not similar to Confucius and Mencius, and there were even many contradictions. At the age of thirteen, one day he suddenly realized the problem he had been thinking about when he was young. One day, he read the word "universe" in the book. The insights said that "heaven and earth are heaven and earth, heaven and earth, heaven and earth, and heaven and earth, and from ancient times, this day and universe", while the "infinite" of provincial enlightenment is the From then on, Lu Jiuyuan realized the way of life in the word universe, and he said in the later "Quotations": "People must think in outline in their spare time. The universe is so vast, and I must be a big person in it." Lu Jiuyuan's psychology is subjective and idealistic. This view directly benefits from Mencius's "everything is prepared in me". He believes that "the human heart is the soul, and the truth is the light; everyone has the heart, and the mind is the truth". At the same time, it is derived from the "human nature" level in the two-way philosophy, which makes his ontology of Neo-Confucianism subjective, and his moral practice thought more logical unity. He led the view that "the heart is the truth" that the human heart and the truth are both innate and eternal, and that morality such as benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom are inherent in human nature, and the purpose of learning is to be poor and to fulfill this principle. It is difficult for people to be blinded by material desires. After being blinded, the heart will not work, and the reason will not be clear. Therefore, it is necessary to restore the original nature of the heart through lectures from teachers and friends. At that time, Lu Jiuyuan and his fourth brother Lu Jiushao and his fifth brother Lu Jiuling all lived under the name of science, known as "the learning of the three Luzi", which was very influential. The historian Zhu Xi once praised Lu Jiuling for "learning without being biased, and there is a long way to go." After Jiuling died, Zhu Xi also wrote an epitaph, which he deeply regretted and wept. The Lu family style was rigorous and rigorous. They were quite dissatisfied with the style of scholars at that time, so they advocated that what they learned was not for the purpose of imperial examinations, but suitable for daily use and guiding life. In their studies, the Lu brothers taught and supported each other, and they all used their sense of responsibility to society and family as the foundation. They influenced each other in life, and paid attention to the understanding of the relationship between heart and reason. Later, there was Shen Fukun, a scholar, who wrote "The Temple of Mr. Sanlu" to aspire to "Sanluzi": "Look up to the sages on a high mountain, and stay in front of the temple of Sanlu. When you see the six scriptures of the Tao, note me, there are thousands of saints in the same way. There are great things to be established first, and things to be passed on by Confucius. Learning is nothing more than full virtue, and Duyang should also let Qingtian. Lu Jiuyuan did not pay much attention to his life. Someone once advised him to write a book and pass it on, but he said, "The Six Classics are annotated on me, and I annotate the Six Classics", and he also said, "Learn to know the book, and the Six Classics are all my footnotes." At that time, there were many students, famous ones were Yang Jian, Yuan Xie, etc. Among them, Yang Jian further developed the subjective idealist world view, which was very influential. The disciples also compiled the Nine Yuan legacy into the Complete Works of Xiangshan, which has a total of 34 volumes. Lu Jiuyuan died in 1192. According to Lu Guangcai, the descendant of the Fenggang Lu family, in the "Genealogy of the Xijiang Lu Family", when Lu Jiuyuan passed away: "When I said that my family said, I will die. Say, what will the flesh and blood do. Say, it is natural. He also told his subordinates that when the end of a certain general, when praying for snow, tomorrow, the snow will fall sharply, bathing and dressing will sit upright, and his family will not take medicine. The next two days, he will die in the middle of the day. "After Lu Jiuyuan's death, Jingmen officials and people cried bitterly, and the streets and alleys were filled with condolences. Thousands of mourners attended the funeral. After his death, he was posthumously named" Duke Wen An ". The glory of Lu Jiuyuan's life is that he founded" Psychology "with" Heart is Reason "as the core. His theory was unique and was the only school that could compete with the authentic Neo-Confucianism represented by Zhu Xi at that time. Lu Jiuyuan and Zhu Xi are in the inspection area of Bee Rock Town in Fenggang County today, which is the most concentrated place for the descendants of Lu Jiuyuan. On the incense hall where each family worships their ancestors, there is a pair of ancestral "patent" couplets: "Goose Lake is thick and long, and Ludong has far-reaching achievements and virtues". The author once asked the descendants of the Lu family, but they didn't know what it meant. I didn't know that this couplet recorded the two philosophical debates between their ancestors Lu Jiuyuan and Zhu Xi. "Goose Lake" and "Deer Cave" are the two places of dispute, both in Jiangxi and have now become tourist attractions. Lu Jiuyuan and Zhu Xi are both philosophical masters of the same period in the Southern Song Dynasty. Lu is 9 years younger than Zhu, and his philosophical views have always been different. In the spring of the second year of Chunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1175), Lu Zuqian, who was deeply influenced by Zhu's Neo-Confucianism, visited Zhu Xi to Wuyi, and the two studied the books of the sages together and edited a book of "Near Thoughts" together. After that, Zhu Xi sent Lu Zuqian to Xinzhou Goose Lake Temple. Lu wanted to reconcile Zhu Lu's view of Neo-Confucianism and hope to unify his thoughts, so he asked Lu Jiuyuan and his fifth brother Lu Jiuling to come to Goose Lake to discuss academic issues. The Chronicle of Donglai clearly records this: "On the 10th day of April at the end of the second year of Chunxi, Wuyi visited Zhu to edit Yuanhui, Pan Shuchang, who stayed for more than a month, and watched the Luoshu together. Zhu Xiu sent the public to Xinzhou Goose Lake, and Lu Zishou, Lu Zijing, Liu Zicheng and all friends from Jiangsu and Zhejiang came. "This meeting of Zhu and Lu is the famous" Goose Lake Meeting "in the history of Chinese philosophy. The main debate this time is" respect for morality "and" Tao inquiry and learning ". Erlu advocates the invention of the original mind, believing that the nature of the original mind remains unchanged through the ages, the heart is the root of all moral values, and the" heart "should be regarded as the moral nature that will never be indelibly passed down from generation to generation. Zhu Xi, on the other hand, believes that people can only know through inquiry, and they must first explore and then return to the covenant. The goose lake date Zhu Lu argued for three days, but the point of view was never unified. Erlu also wrote poems and aspirations, ridiculing Zhu Xi's views as "fragmentation", saying that Zhu Xi's "reason" argument is nothing more than "stacking the bed on the bed, and the lower shelf of the house". And Zhu Xi criticized Lu Jiuyuan "Lu Zijing's learning, seeing that he is sick and sick, I just don't know how complicated he is." Zhu Lu's second meeting was in February of the 8th year of Chunxi (1181). Lu Jiuyuan went to Nankang, Jiangxi to visit Zhu Xi, and Zhu invited Lu to give a lecture at Bailudong Academy. Lu talked about the chapter "The Analects of Confucius", "The gentleman is metaphorical, and the villain is metaphorical.", which is very moving, and there are many people who listen to it and cry. Zhu Xi, who was present at the time, also said to the crowd, "Xi should live together with all living beings, so as not to forget Mr. Lu's teachings," highly praised Lu's insights, and repeatedly said, "Xi never said here, so why should I say anything?" Later, in order to record Lu Jiuyuan's vivid lecture, Zhu Xi asked Lu to write the handout and engrave it on a stone in Bailu Cave to commemorate it. The core issue of Lu Jiuyuan's "debate of righteousness and benefit" this time is the debate of will. He believes that people's understanding comes from the habits of daily life, but the result of learning and dyeing depends on your ambition. Those who aspire to "profit" will be led by profit, and those who aspire to "righteousness" will be the code of behavior. Lu Jiuyuan's Ludong lecture made a valuable transformation in the fundamental goal of life with the debate of righteousness and benefit, and determined the values of life with feudal morality as the core content, and used the values to guide the practice of reading, knowledge and morality. Zhu Xi greatly appreciated the lecture at the Bailudong Academy, which enabled the two saints to find a unified point, which naturally eased the opposing emotions between the two sides in theory. In the 14th year of Chunxi (1187), Zhu and Lu also debated "Wuji" and "Taiji" with dates and letters. Regarding Zhu Lu's two appointments, it had a great impact on the descendants of the Lu family. Even in the ancestral hall dedicated to Lu Jiuyuan, there is also a statue of Zhu Xi. Later, Shen Fukun wrote a poem "Ye Chongzheng Academy Worships Zhu Lu Temple": "Zhu Lu has always been a sect, and it is strong to distinguish similarities and differences. Xiangshan is wide and boundless, and the spring of the deer cave is endless. Realizing what a child is like to be calm and clear, and cultivating enlightenment should make Yuan Huigong. So far, the portrait sits in Chongzheng, and the wind continues to follow." Zi Jing is Lu Jiuyuan, and Yuan Hui is Zhu Xi. The poem talks about the fact that the two saints sat together and were worshipped by their descendants. Interpreting Lu Jiuyuan's mind study Lu Jiuyuan is regarded as a school of mind to propose that "the universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe". In fact, "the universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe" does not mean that everyone can infer the truth of the universe from what they think in their hearts. This sentence has three meanings: First, there is "truth" in the universe, and scholars want to "understand this truth". Lu Jiuyuan said: "From the metaphysical, it is called the Tao, from the metaphysical, it is called the tool, and the heaven and earth are also tools, and there must be reason in their formation." He believes that the changes in heaven and earth have their "truth". Second, the "truth" of the universe is consistent with the "truth" in people's hearts, but only saints can know it. Lu Jiuyuan believes that, "Everyone has a heart, and the heart has a truth, and the heart is the truth." However, "those who are foolish and unworthy are hidden in their desires and lose their original heart; the wise and wise are hidden in their opinions and lose their original heart." Only saints, "this heart is the same, and this principle is the same". Third, to understand, you must study the principle of things, and at the same time, you must "first establish its power". Lu Jiuyuan said: "Plug the universe into one's ears. The ancient sages first realized this principle, so they ruled the world, looked up at the image in the sky, looked down at the law in the earth, looked at the text and the earth of birds and beasts, and took the bodies near and the things far away, so they began to gossip, so as to understand the virtue of the gods and the feelings of all things." The reason why a saint can first understand the principles of the universe is that he has studied the principles of things. Lu Jiuyuan also said: "Between heaven and earth, everything is one thing, and everything is observed." And it is clearly required to "work on the physics of human feelings". According to the "Quotations": Lu Jiuyuan said: "Knowledge is in the check of things, and the check of things is at the beginning." Bo Minyun: "How to sample things?" Mr. Yun: "Study physics." Bo Minyun: "Everything in the world is incomparably complex, how can I study it to the fullest?" Mr. Yun: "Everything is prepared for me, as long as I understand." Lu Jiuyuan believes that "check things" must "study physics", but it should "first invent the original mind of man, and then make it known." This is in conflict with Zhu Xi's request to "observe the exhibition and then return"; this is the reason why the "Goose Lake Meeting" broke up unhappily. Therefore, Lu Jiuyuan's "universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe" neither denied the existence of "reason" in the universe, nor did he deny the need to study the principle of things, but only emphasized "first establish the big one", "first invent the original mind of man", and then under this premise, explore the principle of things. Although the "thing" here has a wide range of content, "everyone who moves around, responds to events, reads archaeology, or moves or stillness, is not always there. This is the universe, the so-called "nothing outside the Tao, nothing outside the Tao", but it also includes natural things, "the sky covers the earth, the spring produces the summer, the autumn collects the winter, and this is the reason". Because of this, Lu Jiuyuan is also very interested in nature. Lu Jiuyuan once gave a detailed description of the structure of celestial bodies. For example, he said: "The celestial body is as round as a projectile, the north is high and the south is 36 degrees above the ground, the south is 36 degrees underground, and the diameter of the south pole is 182 degrees. The celestial body is curved, just in the center of the sky, and the middle of the north and south poles, which is called the equator, going to the north and south poles 91 degrees each. The equinox travels to the equator on the day of the spring, and then goes north. The summer solstice travels 24 degrees north of the equator, 67 degrees After the summer solstice, it gradually reaches the south. The autumnal equinox is the same as the spring equinox. The winter solstice is twenty-four degrees south of the equator, sixty-seven degrees to the South Pole, and one hundred and fifteen degrees to the North Pole. The place where the sun travels is called the ecliptic. There is also the way of the moon, which is close to the sun and intersects with each other. It is half in the sun and half on the surface of the sun. When it intersects, the two paths meet, and the two paths go to the extreme distance and are six degrees apart. This is the approximate plan of the sun and the moon. "Lu Jiuyuan also studied the calendar, he said:" The so-called Shuo Xuqi in the calendar is subject to the 30th day. Those who are Shuo Xuqi, from the former he shuo to the later he shuo, are less than 30 days, and their dissatisfaction is called Shu Those who are full of qi have a total of 30 days in one section, and the excess is divided into medium points, which is qi. "Lu Jiuyuan also studied agriculture quite a bit. He said:" In my family's field management, every time I use a large head, I hoe it twice to about two feet, and the depth is about a foot and a half, so that I can only grow a seedling. When there is a long drought, the field meat is deep, and there is no drought. According to the number of ears of grain at other places, there are only eight or ninety grains per ear of grain, and the few are only three or fifty grains. Among the number of ears of grain, the number of ears of grain per ear is still one hundred and twenty grains, and the number of grains is more than two hundred grains. The harvest per mu is several times that of an acre elsewhere, and the method of deep plowing is easy. " According to records, his private disciple Zhao Yansu "learned from the sages with less ambition, and Li Cun, Lu Jiuyuan's later disciple," I am deeply committed to astronomy, geography, medicine, divination, Taoism, Legalism, budur, and the books of all famous masters. "Therefore, Lu Jiuyuan proposed that" the universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe ", which did not deny the study of the nature of the universe.832 years ago today, on January 18, 1193 (December 14, 1192 lunar calendar), Lu Jiuyuan, a psychologist, passed away. Lu Jiuyuan (March 26, 1139 - January 18, 1193), character Zijing, number Xiangshan, Han nationality, the name of the study "Cun", the world calls Mr. Cunzhai, a native of Qingtian Village, Lufang, Jinxi County, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province. A famous theorist, thinker and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty, the ancestor of "psychology" in the Song and Ming Dynasties. His theories were inherited and carried forward by many later Confucians and became an important school of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties, which had a great impact on later generations. Lu Jiuyuan was a famous philosopher and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty, and a native of Jinxi, Fuzhou (now Jiangxi). He was a landmark figure with outstanding contributions in the history of Chinese philosophy. Even if Chinese philosophy is "suppressed" to a minimum, it cannot avoid the peak of Lu Jiuyuan. He is as famous as Zhu Xi, a famous theorist at that time, and is known as "Zhu Lu" in history. Lu Jiuyuan's philosophical proposition that "mind is reason" led him to create China's "psychology", which was the only one that could be opposed to Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism at that time. Since the Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism has become the ruling ideology of the rulers, and since the mid-Ming Dynasty, the disciples of the Lu Sect have further developed "mind is reason" into the proposition of "everything is only me" and "unreasonable outside the heart". The influence has gradually increased, and the official academic circle has begun to change from Zhu to Lu. In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Yangming even preached the study of the mind as a descendant of the Lu Sect, and put forward the proposition of "nothing outside the heart" and "unreasonable outside the heart". He advocated the method of "conscience" in epistemology, and also proposed "the unity of knowledge and action", opposing the saying that Confucian knowledge went first and then in the Song Dynasty. The study of the mind created by Lu Jiuyuan was finally completed in Wang Yangming, known as "the study of the heart of the king of Lu". After the Ming Dynasty, Lu Wang's study of the heart flourished in China, and many schools appeared. The Ming and Huang Zongxi's "Ming Confucian Study Plan" was classified by region, and divided the study of the queen of the king into seven systems: the king of Zhejiang Central, the king of Jiangyou, the king of Nanzhong, the king of Chu Central, the king of the north, the king of Guangdong and Fujian, and the king of Taizhou. The study of mind has become the main philosophical trend since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has been affecting the modern Chinese ideological circle. For example, the famous scholars in modern times Guo Moruo, Ma Yifu, Wu Mi, etc. were deeply influenced by Lu Wang's study of mind, and once advocated the use of mind to guide the Chinese people's thoughts. Lu Jiuyuan pioneered the Chinese study of mind Lu Jiuyuan (1139-1192), No. Xiangshan, character Zijing, and was a junior scholar at the age of 34. His father, Lu He, was a wise man in the village. He had six sons, Lu Jiusi, Lu Jiuxu, Lu Jiugao, Lu Jiushao, Lu Jiuling, and Lu Jiuyuan. Lu Jiuyuan ranked sixth. According to the "Collection of Filial Piety of the Lu Family in Guizhou" compiled by Guangxu Shi from the Lu Dejue Family Collection in the Inspection Village of Bee Yan Town, Fenggang County: "The beginning of Xiangshan (Lu Jiuyuan) is also the beginning of the birth. The villagers have adopted children, and the two parents have more children and desire to (give) them. Jiusi (the eldest brother of Jiuyuan) Please think it is impossible, it is the year of Jiusi that the child is born and rejuvenated. The language wife said: My son pays the milk of the women in the field, and I can nurse the little uncle (referring to Jiuyuan). The wife Xin however follows, Xiangshan is long, and things (regard) brother and sister-in-law as parents". According to the biography of Lu Jiuyuan in the history of the Song Dynasty, when Lu Jiuyuan was four years old, one day he asked his father: "Why is heaven and earth infinite?" His father laughed but did not answer, so Jiuyuan thought hard about this and forgot to sleep and eat. In subsequent studies, Lu Jiuyuan, who was keen on learning, often found problems in the book. For example, when reading "The Analects of Confucius ¡¤ Xueer", he expressed doubts about the three chapters of "There Are Sons". Reading the second journey book, he found that what he said was not similar to Confucius and Mencius, and there were even many contradictions. At the age of thirteen, one day he suddenly realized the problem he had been thinking about when he was young. One day, he read the word "universe" in the book. The insights said that "heaven and earth are heaven and earth, heaven and earth, heaven and earth, and heaven and earth, and from ancient times, this day and universe", while the "infinite" of provincial enlightenment is the From then on, Lu Jiuyuan realized the way of life in the word universe, and he said in the later "Quotations": "People must think in outline in their spare time. The universe is so vast, and I must be a big person in it." Lu Jiuyuan's psychology is subjective and idealistic. This view directly benefits from Mencius's "everything is prepared in me". He believes that "the human heart is the soul, and the truth is the light; everyone has the heart, and the mind is the truth". At the same time, it is derived from the "human nature" level in the two-way philosophy, which makes his ontology of Neo-Confucianism subjective, and his moral practice thought more logical unity. He led the view that "the heart is the truth" that the human heart and the truth are both innate and eternal, and that morality such as benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom are inherent in human nature, and the purpose of learning is to be poor and to fulfill this principle. It is difficult for people to be blinded by material desires. After being blinded, the heart will not work, and the reason will not be clear. Therefore, it is necessary to restore the original nature of the heart through lectures from teachers and friends. At that time, Lu Jiuyuan and his fourth brother Lu Jiushao and his fifth brother Lu Jiuling all lived under the name of science, known as "the learning of the three Luzi", which was very influential. The historian Zhu Xi once praised Lu Jiuling for "learning without being biased, and there is a long way to go." After Jiuling died, Zhu Xi also wrote an epitaph, which he deeply regretted and wept. The Lu family style was rigorous and rigorous. They were quite dissatisfied with the style of scholars at that time, so they advocated that what they learned was not for the purpose of imperial examinations, but suitable for daily use and guiding life. In their studies, the Lu brothers taught and supported each other, and they all used their sense of responsibility to society and family as the foundation. They influenced each other in life, and paid attention to the understanding of the relationship between heart and reason. Later, there was Shen Fukun, a scholar, who wrote "The Temple of Mr. Sanlu" to aspire to "Sanluzi": "Look up to the sages on a high mountain, and stay in front of the temple of Sanlu. When you see the six scriptures of the Tao, note me, there are thousands of saints in the same way. There are great things to be established first, and things to be passed on by Confucius. Learning is nothing more than full virtue, and Duyang should also let Qingtian. Lu Jiuyuan did not pay much attention to his life. Someone once advised him to write a book and pass it on, but he said, "The Six Classics are annotated on me, and I annotate the Six Classics", and he also said, "Learn to know the book, and the Six Classics are all my footnotes." At that time, there were many students, famous ones were Yang Jian, Yuan Xie, etc. Among them, Yang Jian further developed the subjective idealist world view, which was very influential. The disciples also compiled the Nine Yuan legacy into the Complete Works of Xiangshan, which has a total of 34 volumes. Lu Jiuyuan died in 1192. According to Lu Guangcai, the descendant of the Fenggang Lu family, in the "Genealogy of the Xijiang Lu Family", when Lu Jiuyuan passed away: "When I said that my family said, I will die. Say, what will the flesh and blood do. Say, it is natural. He also told his subordinates that when the end of a certain general, when praying for snow, tomorrow, the snow will fall sharply, bathing and dressing will sit upright, and his family will not take medicine. The next two days, he will die in the middle of the day. "After Lu Jiuyuan's death, Jingmen officials and people cried bitterly, and the streets and alleys were filled with condolences. Thousands of mourners attended the funeral. After his death, he was posthumously named" Duke Wen An ". The glory of Lu Jiuyuan's life is that he founded" Psychology "with" Heart is Reason "as the core. His theory was unique and was the only school that could compete with the authentic Neo-Confucianism represented by Zhu Xi at that time. Lu Jiuyuan and Zhu Xi are in the inspection area of Bee Rock Town in Fenggang County today, which is the most concentrated place for the descendants of Lu Jiuyuan. On the incense hall where each family worships their ancestors, there is a pair of ancestral "patent" couplets: "Goose Lake is thick and long, and Ludong has far-reaching achievements and virtues". The author once asked the descendants of the Lu family, but they didn't know what it meant. I didn't know that this couplet recorded the two philosophical debates between their ancestors Lu Jiuyuan and Zhu Xi. "Goose Lake" and "Deer Cave" are the two places of dispute, both in Jiangxi and have now become tourist attractions. Lu Jiuyuan and Zhu Xi are both philosophical masters of the same period in the Southern Song Dynasty. Lu is 9 years younger than Zhu, and his philosophical views have always been different. In the spring of the second year of Chunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1175), Lu Zuqian, who was deeply influenced by Zhu's Neo-Confucianism, visited Zhu Xi to Wuyi, and the two studied the books of the sages together and edited a book of "Near Thoughts" together. After that, Zhu Xi sent Lu Zuqian to Xinzhou Goose Lake Temple. Lu wanted to reconcile Zhu Lu's view of Neo-Confucianism and hope to unify his thoughts, so he asked Lu Jiuyuan and his fifth brother Lu Jiuling to come to Goose Lake to discuss academic issues. The Chronicle of Donglai clearly records this: "On the 10th day of April at the end of the second year of Chunxi, Wuyi visited Zhu to edit Yuanhui, Pan Shuchang, who stayed for more than a month, and watched the Luoshu together. Zhu Xiu sent the public to Xinzhou Goose Lake, and Lu Zishou, Lu Zijing, Liu Zicheng and all friends from Jiangsu and Zhejiang came. "This meeting of Zhu and Lu is the famous" Goose Lake Meeting "in the history of Chinese philosophy. The main debate this time is" respect for morality "and" Tao inquiry and learning ". Erlu advocates the invention of the original mind, believing that the nature of the original mind remains unchanged through the ages, the heart is the root of all moral values, and the" heart "should be regarded as the moral nature that will never be indelibly passed down from generation to generation. Zhu Xi, on the other hand, believes that people can only know through inquiry, and they must first explore and then return to the covenant. The goose lake date Zhu Lu argued for three days, but the point of view was never unified. Erlu also wrote poems and aspirations, ridiculing Zhu Xi's views as "fragmentation", saying that Zhu Xi's "reason" argument is nothing more than "stacking the bed on the bed, and the lower shelf of the house". And Zhu Xi criticized Lu Jiuyuan "Lu Zijing's learning, seeing that he is sick and sick, I just don't know how complicated he is." Zhu Lu's second meeting was in February of the 8th year of Chunxi (1181). Lu Jiuyuan went to Nankang, Jiangxi to visit Zhu Xi, and Zhu invited Lu to give a lecture at Bailudong Academy. Lu talked about the chapter "The Analects of Confucius", "The gentleman is metaphorical, and the villain is metaphorical.", which is very moving, and there are many people who listen to it and cry. Zhu Xi, who was present at the time, also said to the crowd, "Xi should live together with all living beings, so as not to forget Mr. Lu's teachings," highly praised Lu's insights, and repeatedly said, "Xi never said here, so why should I say anything?" Later, in order to record Lu Jiuyuan's vivid lecture, Zhu Xi asked Lu to write the handout and engrave it on a stone in Bailu Cave to commemorate it. The core issue of Lu Jiuyuan's "debate of righteousness and benefit" this time is the debate of will. He believes that people's understanding comes from the habits of daily life, but the result of learning and dyeing depends on your ambition. Those who aspire to "profit" will be led by profit, and those who aspire to "righteousness" will be the code of behavior. Lu Jiuyuan's Ludong lecture made a valuable transformation in the fundamental goal of life with the debate of righteousness and benefit, and determined the values of life with feudal morality as the core content, and used the values to guide the practice of reading, knowledge and morality. Zhu Xi greatly appreciated the lecture at the Bailudong Academy, which enabled the two saints to find a unified point, which naturally eased the opposing emotions between the two sides in theory. In the 14th year of Chunxi (1187), Zhu and Lu also debated "Wuji" and "Taiji" with dates and letters. Regarding Zhu Lu's two appointments, it had a great impact on the descendants of the Lu family. Even in the ancestral hall dedicated to Lu Jiuyuan, there is also a statue of Zhu Xi. Later, Shen Fukun wrote a poem "Ye Chongzheng Academy Worships Zhu Lu Temple": "Zhu Lu has always been a sect, and it is strong to distinguish similarities and differences. Xiangshan is wide and boundless, and the spring of the deer cave is endless. Realizing what a child is like to be calm and clear, and cultivating enlightenment should make Yuan Huigong. So far, the portrait sits in Chongzheng, and the wind continues to follow." Zi Jing is Lu Jiuyuan, and Yuan Hui is Zhu Xi. The poem talks about the fact that the two saints sat together and were worshipped by their descendants. Interpreting Lu Jiuyuan's mind study Lu Jiuyuan is regarded as a school of mind to propose that "the universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe". In fact, "the universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe" does not mean that everyone can infer the truth of the universe from what they think in their hearts. This sentence has three meanings: First, there is "truth" in the universe, and scholars want to "understand this truth". Lu Jiuyuan said: "From the metaphysical, it is called the Tao, from the metaphysical, it is called the tool, and the heaven and earth are also tools, and there must be reason in their formation." He believes that the changes in heaven and earth have their "truth". Second, the "truth" of the universe is consistent with the "truth" in people's hearts, but only saints can know it. Lu Jiuyuan believes that, "Everyone has a heart, and the heart has a truth, and the heart is the truth." However, "those who are foolish and unworthy are hidden in their desires and lose their original heart; the wise and wise are hidden in their opinions and lose their original heart." Only saints, "this heart is the same, and this principle is the same". Third, to understand, you must study the principle of things, and at the same time, you must "first establish its power". Lu Jiuyuan said: "Plug the universe into one's ears. The ancient sages first realized this principle, so they ruled the world, looked up at the image in the sky, looked down at the law in the earth, looked at the text and the earth of birds and beasts, and took the bodies near and the things far away, so they began to gossip, so as to understand the virtue of the gods and the feelings of all things." The reason why a saint can first understand the principles of the universe is that he has studied the principles of things. Lu Jiuyuan also said: "Between heaven and earth, everything is one thing, and everything is observed." And it is clearly required to "work on the physics of human feelings". According to the "Quotations": Lu Jiuyuan said: "Knowledge is in the check of things, and the check of things is at the beginning." Bo Minyun: "How to sample things?" Mr. Yun: "Study physics." Bo Minyun: "Everything in the world is incomparably complex, how can I study it to the fullest?" Mr. Yun: "Everything is prepared for me, as long as I understand." Lu Jiuyuan believes that "check things" must "study physics", but it should "first invent the original mind of man, and then make it known." This is in conflict with Zhu Xi's request to "observe the exhibition and then return"; this is the reason why the "Goose Lake Meeting" broke up unhappily. Therefore, Lu Jiuyuan's "universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe" neither denied the existence of "reason" in the universe, nor did he deny the need to study the principle of things, but only emphasized "first establish the big one", "first invent the original mind of man", and then under this premise, explore the principle of things. Although the "thing" here has a wide range of content, "everyone who moves around, responds to events, reads archaeology, or moves or stillness, is not always there. This is the universe, the so-called "nothing outside the Tao, nothing outside the Tao", but it also includes natural things, "the sky covers the earth, the spring produces the summer, the autumn collects the winter, and this is the reason". Because of this, Lu Jiuyuan is also very interested in nature. Lu Jiuyuan once gave a detailed description of the structure of celestial bodies. For example, he said: "The celestial body is as round as a projectile, the north is high and the south is 36 degrees above the ground, the south is 36 degrees underground, and the diameter of the south pole is 182 degrees. The celestial body is curved, just in the center of the sky, and the middle of the north and south poles, which is called the equator, going to the north and south poles 91 degrees each. The equinox travels to the equator on the day of the spring, and then goes north. The summer solstice travels 24 degrees north of the equator, 67 degrees After the summer solstice, it gradually reaches the south. The autumnal equinox is the same as the spring equinox. The winter solstice is twenty-four degrees south of the equator, sixty-seven degrees to the South Pole, and one hundred and fifteen degrees to the North Pole. The place where the sun travels is called the ecliptic. There is also the way of the moon, which is close to the sun and intersects with each other. It is half in the sun and half on the surface of the sun. When it intersects, the two paths meet, and the two paths go to the extreme distance and are six degrees apart. This is the approximate plan of the sun and the moon. "Lu Jiuyuan also studied the calendar, he said:" The so-called Shuo Xuqi in the calendar is subject to the 30th day. Those who are Shuo Xuqi, from the former he shuo to the later he shuo, are less than 30 days, and their dissatisfaction is called Shu Those who are full of qi have a total of 30 days in one section, and the excess is divided into medium points, which is qi. "Lu Jiuyuan also studied agriculture quite a bit. He said:" In my family's field management, every time I use a large head, I hoe it twice to about two feet, and the depth is about a foot and a half, so that I can only grow a seedling. When there is a long drought, the field meat is deep, and there is no drought. According to the number of ears of grain at other places, there are only eight or ninety grains per ear of grain, and the few are only three or fifty grains. Among the number of ears of grain, the number of ears of grain per ear is still one hundred and twenty grains, and the number of grains is more than two hundred grains. The harvest per mu is several times that of an acre elsewhere, and the method of deep plowing is easy. " According to records, his private disciple Zhao Yansu "learned from the sages with less ambition, and Li Cun, Lu Jiuyuan's later disciple," I am deeply committed to astronomy, geography, medicine, divination, Taoism, Legalism, budur, and the books of all famous masters. "Therefore, Lu Jiuyuan proposed that" the universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe ", which did not deny the study of the nature of the universe.