On March 4, 1862, the China-Russia Land Trade Charter was signed in Beijing. Through this trade charter, Russian merchants will be exempt from duty within a hundred miles of the border of China; Russian merchants who make a small living can trade duty-free and free throughout Mongolia; Russian merchants 'goods are transported by land to Tianjin, and the import tax will be reduced by one third according to the customs rules of various countries "; Two tenths of Russian commercial goods shipped to Tianjin and Tongzhou can be retained for local sales when passing through Zhangjiakou. On the one hand, the sub-tax will be exempted, and on the other hand, the import tax will also be reduced by one third; Russian merchants who trafficked local goods from Zhangjiakou back home only paid sub-tax (2.5%) and were exempted from the positive export tax. These regulations not only granted Russia a series of commercial privileges, but also began a vicious example of tax cuts for land trade. Invaders from various countries later followed suit, causing serious tax losses to China.