113 years ago today, on January 1, 1912 (November 13, 1911 lunar calendar), Zhonghua Bookstore was founded. The founder of Lu Feikui Zhonghua Bookstore, Zhonghua Bookstore, whose full name is Zhonghua Bookstore Joint Stock Company, was founded in Shanghai on January 1, 1912 by Lu Feibohong and others. It mainly publishes textbooks for primary and secondary schools, and prints ancient books, various scientific, literary and artistic works and reference books. He has published "The Great Chinese Dictionary", "Four Remarks", "Book Integration", "Chinese Encyclopedia Series", etc. In 1941, the Pacific War broke out, and the bookstore and printing factory were seized by the Japanese army. The following year moved to Chongqing. In June 1946, it moved back to Shanghai. In May 1954, it moved to Beijing. In the first half of the 20th century, the Commercial Press and Zhonghua Bookstore stood side by side, making them the two most important publishing houses in modern China. In terms of the length of its establishment, the large share of the publishing market, and the huge social influence, there was no third publishing house in China's publishing industry at that time that could compare with the two. If these two publishing houses are compared, it can be said that they are similar to Peking University and Tsinghua University in the history of modern Chinese education and culture. And if Peking University and Tsinghua University are not yet able to distinguish between them, then the Commercial Press and Zhonghua Bookstore can be said to be like the champion and runner-up in the competition. The Shanghai General Store of Zhonghua Bookstore before liberation Extended reading: The 100th Anniversary of the Establishment of Zhonghua Printing Co., Ltd. Extended reading: The 100th Anniversary of the Establishment of Zhonghua Printing Co., Ltd. "Pr If it makes our printing shine, it is not only the development of our bureau's strength, but also enough to observe the progress of national culture. "Lu Feikui (founder of Zhonghua Bookstore and Zhonghua Printing Factory) took a group photo in front of the world's largest and fastest gravure printing machine. In 1935, Zhonghua Bookstore purchased a new German gravure printing motor. This machine was patented by the German Government Printing Office and built by Gaoning Bao Factory. It was the world's largest and fastest gravure printing machine at that time. The German Government Printing Office used five for its own use, the Austrian Government Printing Office purchased two, and Zhonghua Bookstore purchased three, from No. 8 to No. 10. After the installation and commissioning of the equipment, Mr. Lu Feikui (fifth from left), founder of Zhonghua Bookstore, took a group photo with workers, experts and related personnel. The main factory of Zhonghua Bookstore Co., Ltd. was built in 1916 on Jing'an Temple Road (now Nanjing West Road). Zhonghua Printing Co., Ltd. is 100 years old. Yesterday afternoon, the 100th anniversary commemorative meeting of Zhonghua Printing Co., Ltd. was held in Jinjiang Small Auditorium. Nearly 200 people, including relevant leaders from all walks of life, guests and representatives of employees of "Zhonghua Printing" from various periods since the 1930s, attended the commemorative meeting. The meeting was jointly organized by Wenxin Newspaper Group and Shanghai Printing Group. Lin Licheng, a researcher at the Shanghai Publishing Museum (preparation), told the Morning Post reporter, "The printing of Zhonghua Bookstore has an important history in China's publishing and printing history." The century-old history of Zhonghua Printing is also an important part of the country's cultural memory. In 1911, when the 1911 Revolution broke out, Lu Feikui, an editor at the Commercial Press, saw the opportunity and foresaw that textbooks would be reformed after the revolution. He began to raise funds that year to secretly write new textbooks and prepare for the establishment of a new bookstore. On New Year's Day 1912, a "Zhonghua Bookstore" sign was erected at the entrance of the hall on Huifu Lane, Fuzhou Road, Shanghai. The new Chinese textbook came out with the birth of the bookstore before the school started in the spring. In the autumn of 1912, the Zhonghua Bookstore Printing House was also established in Huifu Li, Fuzhou. Lu Feikui attached great importance to the printing technology and printing quality of publications. He believed that "printing is a weapon of civilization, and a country's culture is a department. If it makes our printing shine, it will not only develop the strength of our bureau, but also be enough to observe the progress of national culture. "Lu Feikui has visited Japan many times to inspect printing technology and equipment, and has always been willing to invest in hardware equipment. Zhonghua Bookstore had the most sophisticated modern printing presses at that time, such as German-made rotary large motors, four-color large motors, two-color offset presses, and plate-making machines. After the completion of the printing factory Jing'an Temple Road General Factory in 1916, Zhonghua Bookstore accelerated the introduction of foreign advanced printing technology and equipment. Soon Zhonghua Bookstore Printing Factory could not only print ordinary books and newspapers, but also began to print commercial advertisements. In 1927, Zhonghua Bookstore took on the business of printing bonds for the national government, which increased the turnover to 4 million yuan; in 1932, with advanced technology and perfect equipment, Jiujiang Printing Factory, which was known as the first in the Far East at that time, was completed and put into operation. It acquired banknote printing equipment and contracted large-scale printing of securities for the government. At the end of 1935, the new factory on Aomen Road in Shanghai was completed and put into operation, and the scale was even larger. The new factory on Aomen Road was designed and built by the British Terry Construction Co., Ltd. and has a reinforced concrete structure with a total of ten workshops, warehouses and office buildings. The building is modern style, with cube shape and simple facade. The workshop and warehouse are composed by horizontal steel windows and horizontal lines on the wall; the office building is vertically composed. The new factory on Aomen Road was completed, and Xu Beihong painted a huge galloping horse with the title "Daily Progress Without Boundary". The first edition of "Cihai" was printed here. In 1936, the book publishing of Zhonghua Bookstore reached an unprecedented peak, with 1,118 books and 2,279 volumes. Important books such as "Cihai" (Part 1) edited by Shu Xincheng and others, and "The Ice Room Collection" by Liang Qichao were all published in this year. By 1936, the General Factory of Zhonghua Bookstore had a complete range of printing products and more than 300 sets of various printing machinery. At that time, Zhonghua Bookstore ranked second in the national printing industry. This was the heyday of Zhonghua Bookstore before 1949. The picture books of painters such as Qi Baishi, Zhang Daqian, and Liu Haisu were also produced at Zhonghua Bookstore Printing Factory. Zhao Junzeng, who used to be the director and chief technician of the Hong Kong Zhonghua Bookstore Printing Factory, wrote an article that divided the development of Zhonghua Bookstore's printing business into three stages: 1. Printing books; 2. Printing commercial applications; 3. Printing securities. "The first and second printing materials are not enough to cope with the huge expenses of the company, but strive to develop into printing securities, which also creates many printing talents." The first historical turning point of the first "China Printing" in the Far East during the Hong Kong period was the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in the 1930s. In the "January 28" incident in 1932, the Commercial Press was bombed, which taught Lu Feikui that it was too risky to operate and invest too much. Lin Licheng told reporters from the Morning Post, "The Commercial Press has dozens of acres of land concentrated in one place, and the Japanese will be gone as soon as they blow it up, so he wants to put the printing in various places, and the plate making is in the main factory." As early as 1927, Zhonghua Bookstore set up a branch in Hong Kong to compete with the Commercial Press in South East Asia. So from late December 1932, Lu Feikui went to Hong Kong to prepare for the purchase of land and set up a factory. In early 1933, the address of the factory was determined to be located at Kowloon Pier Point, covering an area of 17 acres. At that time, Zhonghua Bookstore set up a factory in Hong Kong mainly to adjust the business layout according to the current situation and mainly print books and periodicals. According to Lin Licheng, after the July 7th Incident in 1937, China Huawei avoided losses and successively moved the printing equipment of the old factory in Shanghai to the Hong Kong printing factory. Nearly 2,000 employees were moved, and the original equipment of the Hong Kong printing factory was called the first in the Far East. At this time, the Hong Kong printing factory was not only the most important economic pillar of China, but also became the most important representative of the Hong Kong printing industry and a flag of the national printing industry. In July 1941, Lu Feikui died of a heart attack in Hong Kong, and then the Pacific War broke out. "Zhonghua Bookstore Hong Kong began destroying the fiat plates and banknotes that had been printed, and the destruction continued until the Japanese occupied the factory, but luckily, most of the staff and technicians of the printing factory were discharged ahead of schedule, and most of them came to Chongqing to rebuild the printing factory and start operations and production. The Hong Kong factory left only an empty factory for the Japanese." After the Japanese surrender in 1945, the Chinese side immediately returned to Hong Kong to establish the "Hong Kong Office of the General Management Office of Zhonghua Bookstore." "After the defeat of Japan, the Japanese also moved the machines of Zhonghua Factory back to Japan. This also shows how good the equipment and technology of Zhonghua Factory were at that time." Lin Licheng said. From Macau Road to the early days of the liberation of Qingpu, Shanghai Zhonghua Printing Factory was also one of the factories that printed RMB. After the founding of New China, in 1954, Zhonghua Bookstore officially implemented a public-private partnership. The head office of Zhonghua Bookstore was moved to Beijing, and the brand of Financial and Economic Publishing House was added. The original site of Aomen Road in Shanghai left Zhonghua Bookstore Shanghai Editing Office, Cihai Editing Office, Library, Printing Factory, etc. According to Lin Licheng, by the 1970s, the Shanghai Editing Office of Zhonghua Bookstore and Cihai Editing Office successively established Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House and Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, and arranged new locations for the two societies and libraries respectively. The original site was left to Shanghai Zhonghua Printing Factory to invest in the construction of a modern color printing enterprise. Lin Licheng said, "During the" Cultural Revolution ", because it was necessary to print Chairperson Mao's large-character books, the Zhonghua Factory on Aomen Road had a rare opportunity to carry out technological transformation. This was a rare opportunity But for a long time after the reform and opening up, Shanghai's printing industry lagged far behind that of Shenzhen and other places, and Shanghai's books were once sent to Shenzhen for printing. "It was to reverse this situation that Zhonghua Factory was rebuilt," said Lin Licheng. "I was in charge of technological transformation in 1997, and around 2000, I invested 100 million yuan in the technical transformation of the printing factory to make a color printing center. To print the 1999 edition of" Cihai ", Zhonghua Factory also imported the Martini fine and paperback linkage line from Germany." In 1998, Shanghai Zhonghua Printing Factory and Shanghai Fine Art Printing Factory jointly invested in the establishment of Shanghai Zhonghua Printing Co., Ltd. In 2000, Zhonghua underwent a second restructuring. The Fine Arts Printing Factory withdrew, and Shanghai Wenxin Newspaper Group, Jiefang Daily, Shanghai Century Publishing Group, and Shanghai Radio, Film and Television Development Co., Ltd. entered the shareholder level. In 2008, Zhonghua Factory was relocated from Aomen Road in the city center to Qingpu. The former site of Zhonghua Bookstore General Factory at No. 477 Aomen Road, covering a total of 20,000 square meters, is now the only large-scale and high-quality modern publishing cultural site left in Shanghai and the country. "This also shows how strong China was at the beginning of its establishment," Lin Licheng told reporters from the Morning Post. But she believes that how to protect such historical and cultural sites is a problem. Zhonghua Printing Co., Ltd. was established on January 1, 1912, and its predecessor was Zhonghua Bookstore Printing House. At the beginning of its founding, it was just a small workshop with only 6 machines. Over the past 100 years, it has undergone the name change and development changes of Zhonghua Bookstore General Printing Office, Zhonghua Bookstore Shanghai Printing Factory, Shanghai Zhonghua Printing Factory, and Shanghai Zhonghua Printing Co., Ltd., etc., and now it has become a modern green printing demonstration base with more than 100 sets (sets) of large-scale advanced equipment. In the past 100 years, from the first set of textbooks in the Republic of China, "China New Textbook", to "China Dictionary", "Four Remarks", "Ice Room Collection", "Cihai", "The First Volume of the First Edition of Mao Zedong Anthology"... A masterpiece has gone from here to the whole country, and even the world.