122 years ago today, on July 30, 1903 (June 7, 1903), the "Bolsheviks" and the "Mensheviks" were opposing each other. The Second Congress of the Social Democratic Labour Party was held in secret in Brussels and London from July 30 to August 23, 1903. The composition of the delegates was relatively complex, with both firm and infirm Martians and anti-Martians, so the struggle was intense. The main agenda of the congress was to discuss and approve the party program, the party constitution, and the election of the party's leadership body. When discussing the draft party program, the focus of the debate was whether to include in the party program the principle of the dictatorship of the proletariat. After the struggle, the Martians led by Lenin won the victory. The party program adopted by the congress clearly stipulated that the necessary condition for socialist revolution is the dictatorship of the proletariat. This was the first revolutionary program in the international communist movement, after the death of Marx and Engels, to explicitly strive for the dictatorship of the proletariat as the basic task. When discussing Article 1 of the Party Constitution, the debate became more intense. Lenin and Martov proposed draft articles respectively. The difference in principle between the two was the question of what kind of party to establish. Lenin wanted to create a revolutionary party with strict discipline and centralized unity, and its members must all participate in a party organization without exception, accept the supervision and leadership of the party. What Martov wanted was a social group with complex, unshaped components and lack of organization and discipline. With the support of opportunists and some undecided Martians, the Congress passed Martov's articles. In electing the leadership of the party, the faction that supported Lenin had a majority and was therefore called the Bolsheviks (that is, the majority). The Martov faction was in the minority and was called the Mensheviks (that is, the minority). From then on, two opposing political factions emerged within the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party.