Augustus Octavian

Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (Latin: Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus, 23 September 63 - 19 August 14 BC), formerly known as Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was the founding monarch of the Roman Empire and the founder of the head of state. He ruled Rome for 40 years and was one of the most important figures in world history. He was a nephew of Caesar, who was appointed first heir and adopted as an adopted son by Caesar in 44 BC. Caesar entered the political stage after being assassinated. In 30 BC, he quelled the civil war that was trying to divide the Roman Republic, and was later named "Augustus" by the Senate, and reorganized the Roman government, bringing peace and prosperity to the Roman world for two centuries. In August 14, after his death, the Roman Senate decided to add him to the ranks of "gods".

Gaius Julius Caesar Octavius (September 23, 63 BC-August 19, 14 BC), known as "Augustus", was the founding monarch of the Roman Empire and ruled Rome for 40 years.

Octavian is generally believed to be the greatest Roman emperor. On January 13, 27 BC, Octavian implemented the head of state system, monopolizing political, military, judicial, and religious powers. He ended a century of civil war and entered the Roman Empire into a long period of glory of peace and prosperity. Historians often call him by his title "Augustus." The title Augustus was given to him by the Senate in 27 BC for Octavian's contribution to Rome, meaning sacred, solemn, and great. Under the head of state system, the Senate was actually controlled by the head of state. Octavian himself was the head of state, commander in chief, lifelong consul, chief senator, and chief high priest. He monopolized military, judicial, administrative, religious and other powers, and was actually the emperor. Therefore, the head of state established by Octavian was essentially a hidden monarchy. Octavian's rule of Rome was the beginning of the Roman Empire.

Octavian's headship was the height of his political wisdom, ensuring his supremacy and appeasing the Senate, which feared dictatorship.

Octavian was the nephew and adopted son of Caesar the Great, and was also officially designated as Caesar's heir, allowing him to inherit most of Caesar's wealth. In the first 43 years, he formed the last three alliances with Mark Anthony and Lepida, defeated the Republican aristocrats who assassinated Caesar and divided up the power.

In 36 BC, he deprived Lepida of military power. After defeating Antony at the Battle of Aktu, he destroyed the Ptolemaic dynasty in ancient Egypt. After returning to Rome, he began to hold all state power. In 30 BC, he was confirmed as a "tribune for life", and in 29 BC, he was awarded the title of "Grand Marshal"; in 27 BC, he was awarded the title of "Augustus", establishing an authoritarian head of state and founding the Roman Empire. After his death in August 14 AD, the Roman Senate decided to place him in the ranks of "gods" and called August the month of Augustus, which is also the source of August in European languages.