On this day, 87 years ago, November 9, 1938 (September 18, 1938 in the lunar calendar), the "Crystal Night" of the Nazis persecuted the Jews. Victim Jewish merchants cleaned up broken glass."Crystal Night", a romantic-sounding term, is associated with the ugliest persecution of Jews in history. "Crystal Night" is also translated as "Night of Breaking Glass Windows", referring to the incident that occurred on November 9, 1938. This day was a dark day in German history. On this day, under the direction and instigation of the Nazis, Germany and Austria staged a crazy anti-Semitic farce. This farce is the turning point for Jews from being discriminated against and insulted to being treated as inhumans, and until they are physically eliminated. Nazi leader Hitler was an extreme racist and anti-Semite. He wrote in "Mein Kampf":"The biggest opposite of the Aryans is the Jews." He regarded the Jews as the enemy of the world, the source of all evil, the source of all evil, and the destroyer of any order of national life. He believes: "There is no clearest understanding of racial issues and Jewish issues. The German nation will not be revived. "After Hitler came to power on January 30, 1933, the disaster for the Jews began. Nazi Germany's initial anti-Semitic measures were a boycott of Jews, not buying things from Jewish shops, prohibiting Jews from working as civil servants, practicing medicine, and administering justice. Jews were not allowed to enter bathrooms, concert halls, art exhibition halls, etc. On September 15, 1935, Hitler announced the new law at the Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg. The Nuremberg laws that deprived Jews of their "civil rights" marked an escalation of anti-Semitic actions. The law stipulates that Jews are "residents of the country" without the right to vote or be elected. It also prohibits Germans from marrying Jews, prohibits Jewish families from employing German women under the age of 45, and even prohibits Jews from using the German flag and colors that symbolize Germany. The anti-Semitic measures taken by Nazi Germany since then were mainly to immigrate Jews out of the country and drive them to other countries and regions. Among the Jews who were forced to leave the country, a Polish tailor was also loaded into a tanker and transported to Poland. In order to avenge his father, this man's 17-year-old son, Herscher Greenspan, shot and assassinated Ernst von Rattle, Third Secretary of the German Embassy in Paris on November 7, 1938. Although Rat himself was anti-Nazi and was under surveillance by the secret police, he died of serious injuries on November 9. This accident became a much-needed excuse for Nazi leaders to launch a new round of anti-Semitic actions. On the evening of November 9, 1938, Hitler and Goebbels were about to attend an event held in Munich to celebrate the 15th anniversary of the Beer Hall coup. After hearing the news of Rat's death, Hitler and Goebbels put their heads together and discussed for a while. Hitler said that "the stormtroopers should be allowed to act" and then left. Goebbels then delivered a seditious speech about persecution of Jews, predicting that there would be "spontaneous" demonstrations against the Jews and that the Party should not interfere. That night, Heydrich, the head of the German SS Security Service and the Secret Police, used an urgent telegram to instruct that the SS Security Service and the Secret Police "must not block the upcoming demonstration", that "Jewish churches may be burned but must not endanger German property","Jewish shops and private homes may be destroyed but not looted", and that "Jews, especially wealthy Jews, should be arrested, depending on the size of existing prisons can accommodate. Encouraged and manipulated by the Nazi Party leadership group, Nazi fanatics across Germany took to the streets. They frantically destroyed Jewish shops and private homes, burned down Jewish churches, openly persecuted and humiliated Jews, and arrested Jews on a massive scale. From the night of the 9th to the early morning of the 10th, the Nazis danced in chaos, and the Jews groaned in pain and disaster. According to statistics, 36 people were killed and 36 were seriously injured. 267 churches were burned or razed to the ground. 7500 Jewish shops in Germany and Austria were destroyed. More than 30,000 Jewish men aged 16 to 60 were arrested at their homes and taken to the concentration camps of Dachau, Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen. Only shattered glass could be seen everywhere that night. According to Mr. Hilgard, a representative of Deutsche Insurance Company, the loss reached 6 million marks. To make up for this loss, Belgium's national glass industry will take half a year to produce. Because the shattered glass is crystal clear, Berlin residents called it "Crystal Night" with sharp wisecracks. After "Kristnacht", on November 12, Goering convened various German ministers to the Ministry of Aviation and held a meeting dedicated to the study of Jewish issues. Goebbels and others attended the meeting. They made suggestions on the issue of further ravaging and persecution of Jews, proposing that the Jews themselves should clean up the burned church and turn it into a parking lot for German use; to make a sign, every Jew must wear it. They even demanded compensation of 1 billion marks from persecuted Jews. The purpose of Kristallnacht and the subsequent persecution was to deprive the Jews of their human dignity and self-esteem and isolate them socially and morally. Therefore, some historians believe that "this atrocity and the subsequent measures taken in accordance with its goals made life impossible for any organized Jew." Since the Jews were deprived of their right to exist as human beings, it was only a matter of time before they were physically eliminated. In the spring of 1941, while the Nazi leaders were planning to attack the Soviet Union, they were also planning the genocide of the Jewish people. This criminal task was to be completed by the SS Security Service and the special operations team organized by the secret police. On June 22, 1941, with Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, the Nazi special operations team followed the army and engaged in horrific crimes. On January 20, 1942, the head of the Nazi secret police, Heydrich, convened senior officials from 14 Nazi Germany departments, including Mueller, the head of the secret service Gestapo, to meet at Villa 56-58 Tawanhu Road next to Wanhu Lake in the suburbs of Berlin. After studying the plan for the large-scale and systematic massacre of Jews, the meeting adopted a resolution "Final Solution to the Jewish Question", proposing that the "final solution" would be to transport Jews to the East to work "most of whom will undoubtedly be eliminated through its natural reduction.""The group of people with the strongest resistance who can survive in the end must be dealt with in a corresponding manner. This was the so-called "Wannu Conference", which became a symbol of the escalation of persecution of Jews to ultimate physical annihilation. In the "final settlement" of the Jews, there was a heinous crime of massacres of Jews in batches using gas chambers and crematoriums like the Auschwitz concentration camp. In the "final resolution" process, how many victims are there? The Nuremberg Chamber of International Law calculated the number of people based on the World Jewish Congress to be 5721800. According to a conversation in August 1944 by Eichmann, the 1st SS commando captain responsible for hunting down and eliminating Jews, 4 million people died in the extermination camps at that time and 2 million people were killed in other ways. According to a report in March 1943 by Kohlher, a statistician at the German General Security Service who is responsible for reporting the situation of Jewish residents to Himmler, the death toll of Jews reached 4.5 million. The history of "finally solving" the evil of the Jews ended with the fall of Nazi Germany in World War II. However, the crimes that began in "Crystal Night", from depriving Jews of their rights to human beings to the bloody massacre of Jews, will always be nailed to the pillar of shame in history, warning future generations to be wary of the resurgence of racism. Jewish homes and shops were looted