On this day, 122 years ago, January 12, 1903 (December 14, 1902 in the lunar calendar), the Soviet physicist Kurchatov was born. On January 12, 1903, Kurchatov, a former Soviet physicist, was born in Sym, Chelyabinsk Oblast. In 1946, under his leadership, he established Europe's first atomic reactor; in 1949, he led the research and testing of the first atomic bomb of the former Soviet Union; in 1953, he participated in the test of the first hydrogen bomb of the former Soviet Union; In addition, he directed the design of the world's first atomic power station. Kurchatov died in Moscow on February 7, 1960 and was buried on Red Square. Kurchatov On January 12, 1903, Igor Kurchatov, the father of the Soviet atomic bomb, was born in Sym, Chelyabinsk Region. Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov was a Soviet physicist, organizer and leader of Soviet nuclear science and technology. In 1946, the Soviet Union established Europe's first atomic reactor under the leadership of Kurchatov; In 1949, Kurchatov led the research and testing of the first atomic bomb of the former Soviet Union; in 1953, he participated in the test of the first hydrogen bomb of the former Soviet Union; in addition, he also directed the design of the world's first atomic power station. In the 1930s, nuclear physics was still in its infancy. In 1932, the German physicist Heisenberg revealed the principle that atomic nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons. In 1938, the German scientist Otto Hahn and his assistant Strassman conducted experiments based on the French scientist Jolio Curie's Mrs. Curie further discovered that when neutrons hit the uranium nucleus, one uranium nucleus absorbs one neutron and can split into two lighter nuclei. In the process, mass loss occurred, thus releasing huge energy. This is the world-famous nuclear fission reaction. Soviet physicist Kurchatov built a proton accelerator in his research institute from scratch in 1934. This test played an important role in promoting the construction of the first cyclotron in the Soviet Union. On February 7, 1960, Igor Kurchatov, the "father of the atomic bomb", passed away at the age of 58. In his last public speech during his lifetime, he warned people: "The use of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs will surely bring disaster!"