102 years ago today, October 29, 1923 (September 20, 1923 in the lunar calendar), the Kemal Revolution in Turkey was won. Turks celebrated victory around a huge national flag outside Smyrna. After the outbreak of World War I, Ottoman Turkey joined the German-Austrian bloc to fight. Turkey became Germany's financial and military vassal. During the war, 600,000 Turkish soldiers were killed or captured, 2 million people were injured, the national debt reached 448 million gold lire, and the economy collapsed. On October 30, 1918, the Ottoman Empire was forced to sign the "Modros Armistice Agreement" with representatives of the Allies. Allied forces occupied the capital Istanbul, the Channel Area, southeastern and southwestern Anatolia and important towns along the railway, and Turkey faced the risk of being divided. On May 15, 1919, Greek troops, with the support of Britain and France, occupied Izmir and its adjacent areas. Nationalist organizations such as rights protection associations have been established in various parts of Turkey. From July 23 to August 7, 1919, the Eastern Provinces Defense Association held the Erzurum Conference, and Kemal was elected as chairman of the conference and chairman of the representative committee; the resolution of the conference declared that the territory within the ethnic boundaries recognized by the Armistice Agreement is an indivisible whole; Oppose all forms of foreign occupation and interference; once the Istanbul government is unable to defend national independence, an interim government should be established and will not accept any form of trusteeship or mandate. The Sivas Congress held from September 4 to 11 of the same year confirmed the national struggle program adopted by the Erzurum Congress. The Congress established the national Anatolian and Romerian Association for the Protection of Rights and elected a 16-member representative committee headed by Kemal. The nationalists won a majority of seats in the parliamentary election. On January 28, 1920, the National Convention to safeguard the independence and sovereignty of the Turkish nation, drafted by the Committee of Representatives of the Ottoman Parliament in accordance with the spirit of the resolutions of the Sivas Congress, declared that the area with the majority of Turks within the boundaries stipulated in the Armistice Agreement "constitutes a real whole that cannot be divided under any pretext in terms of legal rights"; opposed various restrictions that hinder Turkey's political, judicial, and financial development. On March 16, Allied troops landed in Istanbul. On April 23, 1920, the first Grand Jirga was held in Ankara to establish a provisional government headed by Kemal. It declared that all protocols from March 16 were null and void and demanded that the Soviet government support Turkey's national cause. On August 10, 1920, the Paris Peace Conference adopted the Peace Treaty of Sevor, which deprived the Turkish nation of its right to exist. In July 1921, more than 100,000 Greek intervention troops, with the support of Britain, invaded Anatolia. The Turkish National Army's victory in the Battle of Sakarya became a turning point in the War of National Independence, and the Allied camp divided. On October 20, 1921, France signed an armistice agreement. France officially recognized the Grand National Government and promised to withdraw all occupying forces from southeastern Anatolia within two months. Italy also withdrew from southern Anatolia in the autumn of the same year, and Britain changed its open support for Greece and shifted to "neutrality." On August 26, 1922, the Turkish army launched a general counterattack against the Greek army. On September 18, the last Greek troops withdrew from Anatolia. On October 11 of the same year, Turkey and Greece signed an armistice agreement, Turkey recovered East Thrace, Istanbul administrative power returned to Turkey. On July 24, 1923, Turkey and Britain, France, Italy, Greece, Japan and other countries signed the Lausanne Peace Treaty, which achieved a major diplomatic victory. On November 1, 1922, the Grand National Assembly abolished the Sultanate. In September 1923, the People's Party, which was reorganized by the First Group of the Rights Protection Association, was established. At 8:30 pm on October 29, 1923, the Parliament passed the decision to establish the Republic of Turkey, and Kemal was elected President of the Republic. The Kemal Revolution was won. Kemal Kemal reviewed his troops before the battle