On this day 61 years ago, on October 24, 1964 (September 19, 1964 lunar calendar), the socialist education movement launched a "struggle for power" at the grassroots level. In July 1964, the Xiaozhan Commune in the southern suburbs of Tianjin held a "social education" movement sentencing conference. On October 24, 1964, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on the Struggle for Power in the Socialist Education Movement" and forwarded the Tianjin Municipal Committee's report on the struggle for power in the Xiaozhan area. The Directive affirms the way in which the three Party branches in the Xiaozhan area have been turned into "counter-revolutionary groups" to carry out a struggle for power, "first to solve the problem of leadership, and then to solve the economic'four unclear 'problem." It believes that "the contradiction between the enemy and us in the Xiaozhan area mainly appears in the form of contradictions among the people, and even contradictions within the party." Reflecting the complexity and characteristics of the current class struggle, the Directive emphasizes that "wherever leadership has been manipulated or usurped by the enemy, and where leadership has been held by degenerate elements, a struggle for power must be carried out." Since then, the socialist education movement has carried out "struggle for power" at many grassroots levels. Appendix: Instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Struggle for Power in the Socialist Education Movement - Forwarding the Tianjin Municipal Committee's "Report on the Struggle for Power in the Xiaozhan Area" (October 24, 1964) Central bureaus, provincial, municipal and district party committees, central ministries and commissions, State Council Party committees and party groups of various ministries and commissions, party groups of various people's organizations, and the General Political Department of the Military Commission: The Tianjin Municipal Committee's "Report on the Struggle for Power in the Xiaozhan Area" is now sent to you, please forward it to the party committees at all levels and above the county and the members of the socialist education task force for reading. The experience summed up in this report is good. Due to the long-term manipulation of the leadership in the Xiaozhan area by counter-revolutionary groups and the support of some leaders of the Nanjiao District Party Committee and the commune in Tianjin, the socialist education movement started with the "Four Qingqing", but it was not able to clear much for a long time. Later, it turned to the political struggle to seize power and dealt with some leaders of the district party committee and the commune. Only then did the situation open up and fully mobilize the masses to solve the leadership problem first, and then solve the economic "four unclear" problem. Their experience is worth referring to everywhere. In the past, there were different views and different practices in various places. We believe that this issue should be solved according to the actual situation in different places. Everything should be based on reality. We should solve whatever problems exist. The local poor, lower-middle peasants and the majority of the masses demand that problems be solved first, and they should not be bound by some pre-specified frameworks. The contradiction between the enemy and us in the small station area mainly appears in the form of contradictions among the people, and even contradictions within the party. This has confused some people, and it has not been solved for a long time, causing great losses to the party and the people. But the majority of the local masses are clear about it. The plots of these enemies can only succeed if our Party is divorced from the majority of the local masses. When our Party is united with the majority of the local masses, these enemies are immediately exposed and defeated. From this, it can be seen that some of the contradictions between the enemy and ourselves in our country currently appear in form as contradictions among the people, and even within the Party. The contradictions between the enemy and ourselves are intertwined with contradictions among the people and within the Party. Among the large number of contradictions among the people and within the Party, there is a very dangerous contradiction between the enemy and ourselves. This part of the contradiction between the enemy and ourselves must be identified. Here lies the complexity of the current class struggle. However, as long as we take it seriously, the responsible cadres go down and stay down, pay attention to this characteristic of the current class struggle, raise our vigilance, and fully mobilize the masses, this part of the contradiction between the enemy and us hidden within the people and the Party can be traced out, and it is not difficult to find out. In the past, some comrades emphasized the struggle against the enemy, only paid attention to the struggle against the four types of elements in society, ignored this part of the enemy hidden within the people and the Party, and even asked these hidden enemies and agents of the enemy to carry out the struggle against the enemy. Therefore, they could not really defeat the enemy, nor could they resolve the contradictions among the people, and even wronged some good people. The purpose of the socialist education movement cannot be achieved. This is the lesson we should learn now. Wherever the leadership power has been manipulated or usurped by the enemy, and where the leadership power has been seized by degenerate elements, there must be a struggle to seize power, otherwise serious mistakes will be made. The experience of this struggle, in a prefectural party committee and county party committee, has experience in Xinyang; in a rural or town, there is experience in a small station area and a lot of experience in other rural areas; in a large enterprise, there is experience in a silver factory; in a city, there will be experience in Guiyang City and Baiyin City. The experience in Xinyang forwarded by the central government is correct. But in the work of Xinyang's struggle to seize power, there are also some shortcomings, such as too many cadres in the training camp (a prefectural party committee trained tens of thousands of people), there are some rude attitudes in the training camp work, and there are some shortcomings in life management in the training camp. These shortcomings should be corrected in future work, and they will be easy to correct. In Xinyang, Xiaozhan, Baiyin Factory and Guiyang, before the seizure of power, people sent by the superiors to carry out long-term work, only then did they realize that the leadership in these places is not in our hands, and they decided to carry out the struggle for power. As soon as we made up our minds to carry out the struggle for power, the situation quickly opened up, and the masses immediately launched, showing revolutionary enthusiasm that we did not expect. On the basis of this revolutionary enthusiasm of the masses, as long as we give correct Marxist-Leninist leadership, all difficulties can be overcome and all work can be done well. The most backward places can quickly move towards their opposite and become the most advanced places. There is also a lesson here, that is, before making up our minds to carry out the struggle for power, we must conduct in-depth and meticulous investigation and research work to determine whether the leadership is in the hands of the enemy, to determine whether the leadership core in this place has deteriorated, and to decide whether the struggle for power should be carried out. Without conducting investigation and research work, applying Xinyang's experience in many places and blindly carrying out the struggle for power will be a mistake. If we conduct investigation and research work seriously, and the method of investigation and research is correct, then we will not be like the Xinyang problem, the small station problem, the silver factory problem, and the Guiyang problem. If we delay solving it for a long time, we can solve it earlier and basically do not make mistakes.