On this day 987 years ago, on October 11, 1038 (September 11, 1038 lunar calendar), Li Yuanhao proclaimed himself emperor of Xixia. On October 11, 1038, Li Yuanhao proclaimed himself emperor, the country name was Great Xia, and Xixia was established. Xia Jingzong, the founding emperor of Xixia (1038-1048). The son of Li Deming, the king of Xixia. Small characters Weili, changed his name to Shangxiao. Before calling the emperor, he changed his surname to the surname given by the Tang and Song Dynasties, and was named Wei Mingshi, and he claimed to be the son of Qingtian, the so-called soldier. He was rewarded by the Song Dynasty, and it was difficult to determine the military rhythm, so he attacked King Xiping. In the early Song Dynasty, the party item developed rapidly, and all aspects of society were relatively mature. He adapted to the needs of development and established the country of party item, the Xia Kingdom. During his reign, he continued to fight against the Song, Tubo, and Uighur, winning successive victories and expanding and establishing the territory of Xia. Many policies were implemented that were conducive to the development of Xia, advocating agricultural production and paying attention to the production and development of handicrafts, especially iron smelting. Emphasizing the customs and habits of Dangxiang, he once ordered residents to follow the original customs of the Qiang people to be bald, prohibited from blindly learning the customs of the Han people to tie their hair, and ordered the abandonment of the surname Li Zhao given by the Tang and Song Dynasties and the use of the name Dangxiang; he also removed the name of the king given by the Song Dynasty, called the name of the chief of Dangxiang language, and established his own era name. Xia's official system, military system, and etiquette were all established under his guidance, and he could appoint talented people from the Han people regardless of ethnic composition. The Western Xia According to historical records, Yuan Hao was very resourceful. He was good at law, art of war, Buddhism, Chinese and other knowledge. At the age of 20, he led the battle and was heroic and witty. In the eighth year of the Song Qingli (1048), due to the contradiction between the founding strategy he implemented and the propositions of some nobles, it was embodied in the struggle between the royal family and the descendants. In this struggle, he was assassinated by his son Ning Ling Ge in this year. After his death, he was posthumous Emperor Wulie. Comment: Li Yuanhao is a national hero of the party. Extended reading: How was the Western Xia script created? Extended reading: How was the Western Xia script created? In the first year of Daqing (1036 AD), in order to enhance national consciousness, Li Yuanhao, the founding emperor of the Western Xia Dynasty, ordered his minister Ye Li Renrong to imitate the Chinese language and preside over the creation and promotion of the use of the Western Xia script. A total of more than 6,000 words were created and compiled into books, divided into 12 volumes, called "state letters". From Buddhist scriptures to folk letters, they were all written in the Western Xia script. In order to facilitate people's learning of the Western Xia script, Yuan Hao also ordered a dictionary to be printed. What is the "Western Xia script" like? How was it created? What is the relationship between it and Chinese characters? With these questions, let's uncover its mysterious veil: the creation of the Western Xia script draws on the form of Chinese characters, which can be divided into two categories: simple characters and combined characters. The strokes are mostly about ten paintings, with more oblique strokes such as skimming and suppressing, uniform structure, regular pattern, relatively complete composition system and law, and distinct personality characteristics. The rules of the creation of Western Xia characters After the creation of Western Xia characters, the Western Xia characters were promoted as "national characters", so they were widely used in the Western Xia Kingdom, such as official documents, legal decrees, trial records, sales deeds, literary works, historical books, dictionaries and dictionaries, inscriptions, seals, talismans, coins, and Buddhist scriptures translated from Han and Tibetan. The Western Xia characters are the essence of the Western Xia culture, and their use has never been interrupted throughout the Western Xia period. After the fall of Western Xia, they were still used by subsequent generations to a certain extent until the middle of the Ming Dynasty, becoming a strong evidence for us to explore the traces of the descendants of Western Xia. The origin of the Xixia script The party item in the Xixia script on the rock paintings was still in the period of primitive nomadic tribes before the inward migration. They lived a nomadic life of "not knowing how to harvest, but the soil has no grain" and "cattle, horses, donkeys, and sheep to eat". They "lived by water and grass, but the waiting plants were chronological". The social form was still in the late stage of the patriarchal clan commune in the primitive society, and the productivity level was low, so taxes could not be paid, and there was no writing. After the inward migration, due to the long-term influence of various ethnic groups, especially the Han civilization, the social economy and culture have developed by leaps and bounds. The change of the social form of Xixia and the improvement of the productivity level are the pioneers of cultural development. After hundreds of years of migration, the Dangxiang ethnic group continuously absorbed the productive forces, technology and advanced culture integrated into other ethnic groups, thus accelerating the feudal process of their own nation. Especially on the eve of the founding of the Western Xia Dynasty, due to the need for an independent situation in politics and economy, culture also needed to be separated from the mother body of Han civilization. In the development of production and the impact with other ethnic cultures, Dangxiang culture has undergone a new qualitative change, and the creation of characters is a significant manifestation of this qualitative change. On the eve of the founding of the Western Xia Dynasty, Yuan Hao created a script to record the language of Dangxiang - Xixia script in order to further highlight the characteristics of scholars in national culture. The creation of Xixia script The Xixia script was created around 1036 AD before the founding of Yuan Hao, and was deduced by Minister Ye Li Renrong. The creation of characters is an important symbol of the development of national culture to a mature stage. It brings great convenience to the people of this nation in the exchange of ideas and cultural inheritance, and also makes it possible for later generations to study this culture and the national language of Dangxiang. The creation of Xixia Chinese refers to the "Six Books" theory of Chinese character creation, and adopts the synthesis method to create characters, that is, first create some text elements, that is, the root or alphabet we often say, and then use the synthesis method to reproduce more Xixia characters. In Xixia Chinese, except for a small part that directly uses text elements to create characters, most of them are synthesized characters. Including six synthesis methods such as comprehension, phonetic meaning, symmetry, interchange, reverse tangent, and long sound. Such as: comprehension synthesis method: part of the Xixia character "water" in the Xixia character "earth" synthesis (mud) sound synthesis method: part of the Xixia character with the pronunciation of "Ling", part of the Xixia character "silk" in the Xixia language, synthesis of the Xixia character "" interchangeable synthesis method: (finger) - (toe) (escape) - (service) symmetry synthesis method: (double) (lip) (middle) (minute) reverse tangent synthesis method: part of the Xixia character with the pronunciation of "wife", part of the Xixia character with the pronunciation of "cause", and the Xixia character with the surname of "Qin" in the Han nationality. Long sound synthesis method: part of the Xixia character with the pronunciation of "A", and part of the Xixia character with the meaning of "long", synthesize the A long sound. After the creation of the Xixia script, Yuan Hao ordered the implementation of the country, and the people were ordered to use the Tibetan script. The status of the Xixia script was established in the form of a decree, and the "Fan Character Academy" was established in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the children of the nobles of the Xixia Dynasty were selected to teach it in order to spread. Therefore, the Xixia script soon became popular in the Xixia Kingdom. After the fall of the Xixia Dynasty, the Xixia script was still used by a few descendants of Dangxiang until the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Since then, it has been submerged by history and has become a kind of dead script. In the ninth year of the Qing Dynasty (1804), after the "Reconstruction of the Gentle Pagoda Stele of Liangzhou Huguo Temple" was discovered, scholars re-confirmed that this script is the long-dead Xixia script based on the comparison of the Chinese characters on Xixia Chinese inscription "Sun Tzu's Art of War" literature data Xixia Chinese has confirmed that there are about 5,900 documents found so far. The Xixia dictionaries "Wenhai" and "Tone" unearthed in Heishui City, Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia are the most complete. These two dictionaries were compiled by the Dangxiang ethnic group in the Western Xia Dynasty, providing rich physical materials for further research on the language and characters of Xixia. At the same time, there is also a dictionary unearthed by the Dangxiang ethnic group. Le Maocai compiled the "Pearl in the Palm of the Fan-Han Heshi", which was compiled by the Chinese and Western Xia texts in the way of sound and meaning, and included many Dangxiang language vocabulary, so it became the key for later generations to unlock the language and characters of Xixia. The Western Xia script that was gradually understood by people has a total of more than 6,000 characters. In the year of Tianqing Yuan (1336 AD), Li Yuanhao ordered the promulgation of the Western Xia script as the "national character", and in 1036, he established the "Tomatology" to teach the Western Xia script and train officials. There was also a "Fan College" state institution to manage the Western Xia script in official documents. Under his strong promotion, the Western Xia script was slowly applied to all aspects of the social life of the Western Xia people. After the founding of the Western Xia script, the Dangxiang ethnic group used the Western Xia script and Chinese characters together. After the fall of the Western Xia Kingdom, its descendants still used it. The Western Xia script was used in the middle of the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty. Unfortunately, it has not been passed down to the present.