On April 14, 2017 (March 18, 2017 in the lunar calendar), the beginning and end of the incident of "Mein Kampf" entering Japanese textbooks. The beginning and end of the "Mein Kampf" incident "entered Japanese textbooks" The autobiography "Mein Kampf" of German Nazi leader Hitler was banned in Germany for 70 years. However, according to the Japan News Agency, the Japanese government's recent defense statement was ambiguous about the use of parts of Hitler's autobiography "Mein Kampf" as teaching materials, which immediately triggered huge controversy and doubts. According to Japanese media reports, the beginning and end of the incident are as follows: 1. Relevant reports from Japanese media At the cabinet meeting on April 14, 2017, the Japanese government responded to a question from Democratic Progressive Party member Takeshi Miyazaki, saying: "In teaching, some of the contents of the book are used as teaching materials to allow students to understand the historical background when the book was written." At the same time, it also emphasized that the content selected must be in line with the purposes of laws such as the Basic Law on Education, and must be useful and appropriate content."If the use of content helps to promote racial discrimination based on race and is inconsistent with the Education Law, it is inappropriate. ¢Ù On the 19th, Japanese Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary Koichi Hagio said in response to a reporter's question: "Regarding Mein Kampf, there is indeed a course that uses part of the book to examine the historical background of Hitler's writing. But I want to declare that I did not comment positively on this book. It was introduced from a negative perspective." "If there is a problem that promotes racial discrimination when using this book, it is obviously inconsistent with the law and inappropriate. If this happens, jurisdictions and educational institutions must respond strictly. ¢Ú On the 25th, Minister of Education, Culture, Science and Technology Hiroichi Matsuno told reporters: The outside world's statement that Japan uses the content of Hitler's book Mein Kampf as a teaching tool is a misunderstanding."Ideologies such as racial discrimination and genocide are absolutely not allowed to be included in fixed educational content."¢Û2. The incident is a follow-up to the "Educational Testimonials" controversy. This "Mein Kampf" controversy is actually only a follow-up to the previous "Educational Testimonials" controversy. In a defense on April 4 on whether it was appropriate for Senyou Academy to let children recite the "Educational Testimony", the government also claimed that it was inappropriate for schools to use the "Educational Testimony" as the foundation of education. However, as long as it does not violate the Constitution and the Basic Law on Education, the government will not prevent schools from using the "Educational Testimony" as a moral teaching material. This is where Miyazaki's question came from: If "Education Testimonial" can be used as a teaching material, can "Mein Kampf" also be used? ¢Ü The "Educational Testimonial" is an educational document issued by the Meiji Emperor before World War II. It was released in 1890 and is applicable to all schools in Japan (later extended to Taiwan and Korea). Senior officials of the Meiji government believed that Japan's education policy at that time was too focused on the teaching of modern knowledge (knowledge from the West) and it was necessary to strengthen the moral education inherent in Japan, so this document was issued. Its core is twelve virtues: 1. filial piety to adoptive parents. 2. Love brothers. 3. Couples match. 4. Mutual trust among friends. 5. Be humble and frugal. 6. Love everyone. 7. Study in the industry. 8. Inspire intelligence. 9. Achieve moral instruments. 10. Public welfare and world affairs. 11. Cherish the national constitution and abide by the national laws. 12. If something happens, serve the public with righteousness and courage. While emphasizing traditional ethics and morality, this imperial edict has a strong national-centered color (such as promoting "loyal subjects" and "serving the public with righteousness and courage"). It lacks modern concepts of democracy and human rights, so it is quite consistent with militarism. After the end of World War II, the "Educational Testimonials" were excluded from the education system. Whether students should be allowed to recite the "Educational Imperial Words" is controversial in today's Japan. The full text of the imperial edict is not long, but it is recorded below. Readers should have their own judgment: "I am the emperor's ancestor, the emperor's ancestor, who has established a country of great prosperity and profound virtues. Our subjects are loyal and filial, and hundreds of millions of people are united, and the world is beautiful. This is the essence of our national system, and the origin of education also exists here. Your subjects are filial to your parents, are friends, and your husband and wife are harmonious. Friends believe that you should be humble and frugal, be benevolent to the public, cultivate learning, inspire intelligence, achieve moral tools, and then expand public welfare, carry out world affairs, always value the country's constitution and abide by the country's laws. Once it is urgent, you should serve the public with righteousness and courage to assist the endless imperial destiny of heaven and earth. In this way, you will not only serve as my loyal subjects, but also demonstrate the legacy of your ancestors. This path is the legacy of our emperor's ancestors, and all descendants and subjects will abide by it. It is true of ancient and modern times, and it is true of Chinese and foreign application. I and your subjects obey with each other. I hope you will have the same virtue." 5 Picture: The full text of "Educational Testimony" collected by the University of Tokyo There are many "Fuhrer fans" in China. They don't know that "Mein Kampf" highly discriminates against China. So, can the contents of Hitler's book "Mein Kampf" be quoted by textbooks from a negative perspective to show Hitler's own ideological situation and the background of the times at that time? 1. Review of the "Forbidden History" of "Mein Kampf" As of 1945,"Mein Kampf" has been translated into 16 languages, and more than 10 million copies of the original and translated versions have been published. After the end of World War II, given that Hitler's registered residence and the publishing house of the book were both in Munich, the US military decided to transfer Hitler's legacy, including the copyright of Mein Kampf, to Bavaria for management. The book has since been banned from publication. The Bavarian state government has set up a special agency to deal with piracy and translation of the book to prevent its spread. But this control can only be maintained until 2015-according to relevant laws, the copyright of the author's work will naturally expire 70 years after his death. In response to this reality, the Bavarian state government launched a scholarly annotated version of "Mein Kampf" in 2016,"adding a lot of annotations and incorporating the historical background of the time" to refute Hitler's remarks-a poll shows that more than half of the Germans surveyed at the time believed that there was no problem in republishing the book. In addition, since Hitler had sold some of the world's copyright to the book during his lifetime-for example, the American copyright was sold to Horton Mifflin Publishing Company and the British copyright was sold to Hutchinson Publishing House-the book was published without interruption outside Germany. In the past 20 years,"Mein Kampf" has once become a bestseller in India, Turkey, and Indonesia.¢Ü "Mein Kampf" was also very popular in the Republic of China, with multiple Chinese translations. The earliest Chinese translation was published by Shanghai Liming Publishing Company in 1934 and was translated from the English abridged edition of Mifflin Publishing Company in the United States. The most important Chinese translation was translated and published by the National Translation and Translation Institute under the Ministry of Education in 1935-Germany quickly rose from a defeated country in World War I to a European power. Its "experience" was of great importance to the people at that time who were struggling to save the country. Attraction. ¢Û The cover (left) and title page (right) of the first Chinese version of "Mein Kampf" published by Shanghai Liming Publishing Company in 1934. After 1949,"Mein Kampf" became banned in China. In the movie "Little Flower" released in 1979, Ding Shuheng, a Kuomintang general played by Ge Cunzhuang, has a close-up of watching Hitler's "Mein Kampf" written by him at his desk. "The Beijing Library refused to lend it, let alone buy it on the street." The camera crew had to find connections and ask for it to borrow it in the name of Soong Ching Ling. Song was willing to help, but warned the borrower: "You can borrow it from the camera crew, but I must make it clear now that no one can read it. You can't look first. Borrowed it and took it directly to the camera crew. It must be kept by you from beginning to end and cannot be transferred to others. After filming, return it to Beitu immediately..."As for" Hitler's Autobiography: My Kampf "published by the Tibet Autonomous Region Literature and Art Publishing House in the 1990s, it was not authorized by the Bavarian state government. 2. Whether banning books can block fallacies is a controversial issue. Will not allow students to access Mein Kampf ensure that they are not influenced by Hitler's ideas of "racial discrimination"? This is a very controversial issue. The objective reality is that banning books will "mystify" the book and enhance its appeal. This "mystification" will not help eliminate Hitler's ideological legacy. For example, among the "Fuhrer fans" group in China, various stories of "Hitler and the China" have long been circulated. These stories claim that when Hitler was poor, he received assistance from a China couple. So he liked China people and China culture: "Hitler scolded all countries as inferior nations, but only praised the Chinese nation as an excellent nation." "The idea of 'dividing the world' was put forward... The world is jointly managed by Germany and China." "For Japan, Hitler escalated from contempt at the beginning to hatred later." Photo: The story of "Hitler Loves China" circulated on the Chinese Internet If these "Fuhrer fans" have read "Mein Kampf", they should actually understand that Hitler's only mention of China in the book was full of discrimination. Hitler said: "There is an incredible cognitive error: thinking that a black person or China can become a German because he has learned German and is willing to speak German in the future, or even vote for the German party. Our bourgeois people can never clearly see that this process of 'Germanization' is actually a kind of 'de-Germanization'... This process is not 'Germany', but is destroying Germany's vitality." In Hitler's thoughts, humans were divided into three classes. The first level is the "creators of culture", namely the Aryans; The second level is the "possessors of culture" who can rely on the culture created by the Aryans for success; the third level is the "destroyers of culture" whose existence will destroy Aryans culture and must be expelled and destroyed (such as the Jews). The book "Mein Kampf" lists China and blacks as the last rank of "cultural destroyers" and once aroused dissatisfaction and protest from China's ambassador to Germany Liu Chongjie; the German government once promised to delete this paragraph when reprinted (it did not implement it). As for Japan, in Hitler's eyes, it could be included in the second class. Hitler believed that the Japanese were lower than the Aryans and "are a nation lacking in creativity in terms of race"; Japan's achievements in science and technology should be attributed to the creation of the Aryans; if the Aryans were lost, Japanese culture would gradually become rigid and lose its vitality-for example, before the 19th century, the Japanese fell into a deep sleep for a long time until the Aryans came eastward and awakened it. In short, Hitler discriminated against all East Asians: "First of all, there is no problem, he had a certain evil feeling towards East Asians; this evil feeling was expressed when he mentioned the 'Yellow Peril';... Second, Hitler disapproved of China fever; in his day, China fever was very popular in Germany as a counteracting force against the Yellow Peril. Third, his feelings for Japan are slightly friendly." If something like the above in Mein Kampf is selected into textbooks as historical materials, supplemented by corresponding background annotations, it will naturally help deepen students 'understanding of Hitler's "racist" fallacy. If this kind of knowledge can be popularized, today's China may have fewer "heads of state fans." But overall, whether banning books can block fallacies remains a controversial issue. Picture: Hitler's discriminatory expression of China in Mein Kampf published by the United Kingdom in 1938 (this version is an abridged version, so the text is slightly different) Notes ¢Ù website.¢Ú website.¢Û Website.¢Ü For relevant Japanese website news, please refer to: Website. ¢Û This version is the official translation of Taiwan's "Governor's Office" during the Japanese occupation. Quoted from: (Japan) Shijima Tajin/by, Li Jianhua/translated,"National Shinto and the Japanese", Social Science Literature Press, 2015, P034-037.¢Ü Dong Dingshan,"Freedom of Publishing and Hitler's Thought-Thoughts on the Continuous Republication of Mein Kampf","Extensive Reading", No. 11, 1998; Rui Hu,"Opening the Most Dangerous Book of the 20th Century","Looking at History", No. 9, 2012. ¢Ü Chen Yu,"The Spread of Fascism in China in the 1930s-Taking the Chinese Translation as an Example", included in "Research on the History of Modern International Relations, Series 3," 2013. Zhu Jiulin,"Soong Ching Ling's Indissoluble Bond with Movies","Century", No. 1, 2013. Website Wang Yang,"A Study on Germany's China Policy from 1894 to 1938", Hubei People's Publishing House, 2015, P98. (America) Gerhard Weinberg/by He Jiang and Zhang Bingjie/translated,"Hitler's Germany's Foreign Policy"(Part 1), Commercial Press, 1992, P24.On April 14, 2017 (March 18, 2017 in the lunar calendar), the beginning and end of the incident of "Mein Kampf" entering Japanese textbooks. The beginning and end of the "Mein Kampf" incident "entered Japanese textbooks" The autobiography "Mein Kampf" of German Nazi leader Hitler was banned in Germany for 70 years. However, according to the Japan News Agency, the Japanese government's recent defense statement was ambiguous about the use of parts of Hitler's autobiography "Mein Kampf" as teaching materials, which immediately triggered huge controversy and doubts. According to Japanese media reports, the beginning and end of the incident are as follows: 1. Relevant reports from Japanese media At the cabinet meeting on April 14, 2017, the Japanese government responded to a question from Democratic Progressive Party member Takeshi Miyazaki, saying: "In teaching, some of the contents of the book are used as teaching materials to allow students to understand the historical background when the book was written." At the same time, it also emphasized that the content selected must be in line with the purposes of laws such as the Basic Law on Education, and must be useful and appropriate content."If the use of content helps to promote racial discrimination based on race and is inconsistent with the Education Law, it is inappropriate. ¢Ù On the 19th, Japanese Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary Koichi Hagio said in response to a reporter's question: "Regarding Mein Kampf, there is indeed a course that uses part of the book to examine the historical background of Hitler's writing. But I want to declare that I did not comment positively on this book. It was introduced from a negative perspective." "If there is a problem that promotes racial discrimination when using this book, it is obviously inconsistent with the law and inappropriate. If this happens, jurisdictions and educational institutions must respond strictly. ¢Ú On the 25th, Minister of Education, Culture, Science and Technology Hiroichi Matsuno told reporters: The outside world's statement that Japan uses the content of Hitler's book Mein Kampf as a teaching tool is a misunderstanding."Ideologies such as racial discrimination and genocide are absolutely not allowed to be included in fixed educational content."¢Û2. The incident is a follow-up to the "Educational Testimonials" controversy. This "Mein Kampf" controversy is actually only a follow-up to the previous "Educational Testimonials" controversy. In a defense on April 4 on whether it was appropriate for Senyou Academy to let children recite the "Educational Testimony", the government also claimed that it was inappropriate for schools to use the "Educational Testimony" as the foundation of education. However, as long as it does not violate the Constitution and the Basic Law on Education, the government will not prevent schools from using the "Educational Testimony" as a moral teaching material. This is where Miyazaki's question came from: If "Education Testimonial" can be used as a teaching material, can "Mein Kampf" also be used? ¢Ü The "Educational Testimonial" is an educational document issued by the Meiji Emperor before World War II. It was released in 1890 and is applicable to all schools in Japan (later extended to Taiwan and Korea). Senior officials of the Meiji government believed that Japan's education policy at that time was too focused on the teaching of modern knowledge (knowledge from the West) and it was necessary to strengthen the moral education inherent in Japan, so this document was issued. Its core is twelve virtues: 1. filial piety to adoptive parents. 2. Love brothers. 3. Couples match. 4. Mutual trust among friends. 5. Be humble and frugal. 6. Love everyone. 7. Study in the industry. 8. Inspire intelligence. 9. Achieve moral instruments. 10. Public welfare and world affairs. 11. Cherish the national constitution and abide by the national laws. 12. If something happens, serve the public with righteousness and courage. While emphasizing traditional ethics and morality, this imperial edict has a strong national-centered color (such as promoting "loyal subjects" and "serving the public with righteousness and courage"). It lacks modern concepts of democracy and human rights, so it is quite consistent with militarism. After the end of World War II, the "Educational Testimonials" were excluded from the education system. Whether students should be allowed to recite the "Educational Imperial Words" is controversial in today's Japan. The full text of the imperial edict is not long, but it is recorded below. Readers should have their own judgment: "I am the emperor's ancestor, the emperor's ancestor, who has established a country of great prosperity and profound virtues. Our subjects are loyal and filial, and hundreds of millions of people are united, and the world is beautiful. This is the essence of our national system, and the origin of education also exists here. Your subjects are filial to your parents, are friends, and your husband and wife are harmonious. Friends believe that you should be humble and frugal, be benevolent to the public, cultivate learning, inspire intelligence, achieve moral tools, and then expand public welfare, carry out world affairs, always value the country's constitution and abide by the country's laws. Once it is urgent, you should serve the public with righteousness and courage to assist the endless imperial destiny of heaven and earth. In this way, you will not only serve as my loyal subjects, but also demonstrate the legacy of your ancestors. This path is the legacy of our emperor's ancestors, and all descendants and subjects will abide by it. It is true of ancient and modern times, and it is true of Chinese and foreign application. I and your subjects obey with each other. I hope you will have the same virtue." 5 Picture: The full text of "Educational Testimony" collected by the University of Tokyo There are many "Fuhrer fans" in China. They don't know that "Mein Kampf" highly discriminates against China. So, can the contents of Hitler's book "Mein Kampf" be quoted by textbooks from a negative perspective to show Hitler's own ideological situation and the background of the times at that time? 1. Review of the "Forbidden History" of "Mein Kampf" As of 1945,"Mein Kampf" has been translated into 16 languages, and more than 10 million copies of the original and translated versions have been published. After the end of World War II, given that Hitler's registered residence and the publishing house of the book were both in Munich, the US military decided to transfer Hitler's legacy, including the copyright of Mein Kampf, to Bavaria for management. The book has since been banned from publication. The Bavarian state government has set up a special agency to deal with piracy and translation of the book to prevent its spread. But this control can only be maintained until 2015-according to relevant laws, the copyright of the author's work will naturally expire 70 years after his death. In response to this reality, the Bavarian state government launched a scholarly annotated version of "Mein Kampf" in 2016,"adding a lot of annotations and incorporating the historical background of the time" to refute Hitler's remarks-a poll shows that more than half of the Germans surveyed at the time believed that there was no problem in republishing the book. In addition, since Hitler had sold some of the world's copyright to the book during his lifetime-for example, the American copyright was sold to Horton Mifflin Publishing Company and the British copyright was sold to Hutchinson Publishing House-the book was published without interruption outside Germany. In the past 20 years,"Mein Kampf" has once become a bestseller in India, Turkey, and Indonesia.¢Ü "Mein Kampf" was also very popular in the Republic of China, with multiple Chinese translations. The earliest Chinese translation was published by Shanghai Liming Publishing Company in 1934 and was translated from the English abridged edition of Mifflin Publishing Company in the United States. The most important Chinese translation was translated and published by the National Translation and Translation Institute under the Ministry of Education in 1935-Germany quickly rose from a defeated country in World War I to a European power. Its "experience" was of great importance to the people at that time who were struggling to save the country. Attraction. ¢Û The cover (left) and title page (right) of the first Chinese version of "Mein Kampf" published by Shanghai Liming Publishing Company in 1934. After 1949,"Mein Kampf" became banned in China. In the movie "Little Flower" released in 1979, Ding Shuheng, a Kuomintang general played by Ge Cunzhuang, has a close-up of watching Hitler's "Mein Kampf" written by him at his desk. "The Beijing Library refused to lend it, let alone buy it on the street." The camera crew had to find connections and ask for it to borrow it in the name of Soong Ching Ling. Song was willing to help, but warned the borrower: "You can borrow it from the camera crew, but I must make it clear now that no one can read it. You can't look first. Borrowed it and took it directly to the camera crew. It must be kept by you from beginning to end and cannot be transferred to others. After filming, return it to Beitu immediately..."As for" Hitler's Autobiography: My Kampf "published by the Tibet Autonomous Region Literature and Art Publishing House in the 1990s, it was not authorized by the Bavarian state government. 2. Whether banning books can block fallacies is a controversial issue. Will not allow students to access Mein Kampf ensure that they are not influenced by Hitler's ideas of "racial discrimination"? This is a very controversial issue. The objective reality is that banning books will "mystify" the book and enhance its appeal. This "mystification" will not help eliminate Hitler's ideological legacy. For example, among the "Fuhrer fans" group in China, various stories of "Hitler and the China" have long been circulated. These stories claim that when Hitler was poor, he received assistance from a China couple. So he liked China people and China culture: "Hitler scolded all countries as inferior nations, but only praised the Chinese nation as an excellent nation." "The idea of 'dividing the world' was put forward... The world is jointly managed by Germany and China." "For Japan, Hitler escalated from contempt at the beginning to hatred later." Photo: The story of "Hitler Loves China" circulated on the Chinese Internet If these "Fuhrer fans" have read "Mein Kampf", they should actually understand that Hitler's only mention of China in the book was full of discrimination. Hitler said: "There is an incredible cognitive error: thinking that a black person or China can become a German because he has learned German and is willing to speak German in the future, or even vote for the German party. Our bourgeois people can never clearly see that this process of 'Germanization' is actually a kind of 'de-Germanization'... This process is not 'Germany', but is destroying Germany's vitality." In Hitler's thoughts, humans were divided into three classes. The first level is the "creators of culture", namely the Aryans; The second level is the "possessors of culture" who can rely on the culture created by the Aryans for success; the third level is the "destroyers of culture" whose existence will destroy Aryans culture and must be expelled and destroyed (such as the Jews). The book "Mein Kampf" lists China and blacks as the last rank of "cultural destroyers" and once aroused dissatisfaction and protest from China's ambassador to Germany Liu Chongjie; the German government once promised to delete this paragraph when reprinted (it did not implement it). As for Japan, in Hitler's eyes, it could be included in the second class. Hitler believed that the Japanese were lower than the Aryans and "are a nation lacking in creativity in terms of race"; Japan's achievements in science and technology should be attributed to the creation of the Aryans; if the Aryans were lost, Japanese culture would gradually become rigid and lose its vitality-for example, before the 19th century, the Japanese fell into a deep sleep for a long time until the Aryans came eastward and awakened it. In short, Hitler discriminated against all East Asians: "First of all, there is no problem, he had a certain evil feeling towards East Asians; this evil feeling was expressed when he mentioned the 'Yellow Peril';... Second, Hitler disapproved of China fever; in his day, China fever was very popular in Germany as a counteracting force against the Yellow Peril. Third, his feelings for Japan are slightly friendly." If something like the above in Mein Kampf is selected into textbooks as historical materials, supplemented by corresponding background annotations, it will naturally help deepen students 'understanding of Hitler's "racist" fallacy. If this kind of knowledge can be popularized, today's China may have fewer "heads of state fans." But overall, whether banning books can block fallacies remains a controversial issue. Picture: Hitler's discriminatory expression of China in Mein Kampf published by the United Kingdom in 1938 (this version is an abridged version, so the text is slightly different) Notes ¢Ù website.¢Ú website.¢Û Website.¢Ü For relevant Japanese website news, please refer to: Website. ¢Û This version is the official translation of Taiwan's "Governor's Office" during the Japanese occupation. Quoted from: (Japan) Shijima Tajin/by, Li Jianhua/translated,"National Shinto and the Japanese", Social Science Literature Press, 2015, P034-037.¢Ü Dong Dingshan,"Freedom of Publishing and Hitler's Thought-Thoughts on the Continuous Republication of Mein Kampf","Extensive Reading", No. 11, 1998; Rui Hu,"Opening the Most Dangerous Book of the 20th Century","Looking at History", No. 9, 2012. ¢Ü Chen Yu,"The Spread of Fascism in China in the 1930s-Taking the Chinese Translation as an Example", included in "Research on the History of Modern International Relations, Series 3," 2013. Zhu Jiulin,"Soong Ching Ling's Indissoluble Bond with Movies","Century", No. 1, 2013. Website Wang Yang,"A Study on Germany's China Policy from 1894 to 1938", Hubei People's Publishing House, 2015, P98. (America) Gerhard Weinberg/by He Jiang and Zhang Bingjie/translated,"Hitler's Germany's Foreign Policy"(Part 1), Commercial Press, 1992, P24.