Wilson's formidable opponent, Rocky

On March 15, 1920, the Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles for the second time by a margin of seven votes, bringing an end to a long and heated debate in the Senate. In November 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was rejected by a majority of votes. But, at the insistence of a majority of Democratic senators, the Senate renewed its efforts to pass the treaty. To gain more votes, a group of Republican and Democratic senators developed a compromise plan. Earlier in November, the Senate voted 56 to 26 to pass Senator Henry Cabot Lodge's "reservation" to Article 10 of the League of Nations Covenant, making it clear that the Treaty of Versailles did not replace the Monroe Doctrine. President Wilson did not support the new Senate efforts to pass the Treaty of Versailles, and he continued to oppose Lodge's "keep" bill. In a decisive vote, many Democratic senators parted ways with the president and voted in favor of passing the Treaty of Versailles with reservations. As a result, 57 of the senators voted in favor of the Treaty of Versailles, and 39 voted against it, which was a dominant vote. However, there were still 7 votes short of the two-thirds votes required to pass the treaty.