On this day 157 years ago, March 28, 1868 (March 5, 1868 lunar calendar), Gorky's birthday. Soviet writer Gorky (1868.3.28 - 1936.6.18) (151 years ago) was the great founder of Soviet socialist literature and the greatest proletarian writer in the world. Gorky was born on March 28, 1868 in a family of carpenters on the Volga River. Due to the early death of his parents, he went out to make a living at the age of ten and wandered everywhere. He worked as an apprentice in a shoe store, washed dishes on ships, carried goods on docks, and worked for rich peasants. He also worked as a railway worker, baker, janitor, gardener... In his life of hunger and cold, Gorky mastered the knowledge of European classical literature, philosophy and natural science through tenacious self-study. After only two years of primary school, Gorky published his first novel at the age of 24, "Makar Chudra," a short story published in the Caucasus Daily. The novel reflects the life of the gypsies, with vivid plot twists and vivid characters. The newspaper editor was satisfied with the manuscript and told the author to go to the newspaper. When the editor saw Gorky, he was astonished. He did not expect that the person who wrote such an excellent work would be a ragged bum. The editor said to Gorky: "We have decided to publish your novel, but the manuscript should be signed." Gorky pondered for a while and said: "Then sign it like this: Maxim Gorky." In Russian, "Gorky" means "pain" and "Maxim" means "the greatest." From then on, he began his creative career under the pseudonym "the greatest pain", and his original name was Alexei Maximovich Bishikov. The wandering life of his teenage years allowed Gorky to see and experience firsthand the difficult life of the working masses of Russia under the rule of the tsar. Gorky was full of disgust and hatred for the rotten old system. In his works, he attacked the darkness of the tsarist system and exposed the class exploitation and oppression of capitalist society. His works were well received by a wide audience, but the tsarist government was very afraid of this and monitored, detained and arrested Gorky several times, and exiled him. The suppression not only did not make him submit, but also strengthened his will and determination to fight. In 1906, Gorky's masterpiece and novel "Mother" was completed. It depicted the magnificent revolutionary struggle of the proletariat and created touching images of Pavel, a working party member, and Nilovna, a revolutionary mother. This novel greatly inspired the working masses and terrified the rulers of Tsarist Russia. "Mother" is recognized as a new and foundational work of socialist realism in the history of world literature. Lenin, the revolutionary mentor, was Gorky's good mentor and friend. Lenin constantly cared for and helped Gorky in his thoughts, work and life. With Lenin's advice and encouragement, Gorky wrote a trilogy of autobiographies: "Childhood", "On Earth" and "My University". The trilogy of autobiographies not only reflects the writer's own life experience and the arduous process of ideological exploration before he accepted Marxism, but also broadly summarizes the Russian social life in the 1870s and 1880s, describes the miserable life and suffering of the working people, and extols their excellent qualities. Gorky's last work was the novel "The Life of Krim Samkin". During his life, he created a large number of works in various genres, leaving a huge fortune for the treasure house of proletarian literature. Gorky experienced ups and downs in his life and suffered from human suffering. He published his debut short story "Magar Chudra" in 1892 and his first novel "Foma Gorteyev" in 1899 and became famous internationally. In 1901, he published the prose poem "Haiyan", which predicted the storm of the Russian revolution and inspired the fighting spirit of the masses. In 1905, Gorky joined the Russian Socialist Democratic Labor Party. In 1906, he published the novel "Mother", which created a heroic image in the labor movement and was recognized as the masterpiece of the first socialist literature. Gorky also participated in the "February Revolution" and "October Revolution". In May 1929, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In 1934, he was elected as the first chairperson of the Soviet Writers' Association. Gorky's letter to Sun Yat-sen on October 12, 1912. Illustration of Gorky's work "Mother" Gorky recited "The Bottom Floor" for Hu, an actor of the Morst Art Theatre. Gorky, Lie Tolstoy and painters Liebin Gorky and Roman Roland. Cover of "Collected Works of Gorky" published by the People's Literature Publishing House. Moscow Gorky Museum